How can hyperuricosuria cause calcium oxalate calculi?
by increasing oxalate absorption
by heterogeneous nucleation
by inducing hyperoxaluria
by reducing urate crystals saturation
Correct Answer :
B. by heterogeneous nucleation
in heterogeneous nucleation, the core structure of the stone is uric acid while the additional buildup is calcium oxalate.
Related Questions
How can hyperuricosuria cause calcium oxalate calculi?
by increasing oxalate absorption
by heterogeneous nucleation
by inducing hyperoxaluria
by reducing urate crystals saturation
Where is Santorini plexus located?
at either side of the prostate
in the pubo-prostatic space
anterior to the seminal vesicles
posterior to the vaso-epididymal junction
What is the best initial therapy for hyponatremic dehydration?
administration of hypertonic saline
administration of crystalloid
administration of normal saline
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bound to sex hormone-binding globulin
free
bound to α1-antichymotrypsin
bound to albumin
Which of the following is NOT a part of the urogenital diaphragm structures?
perineal membrane
deep transverse perineal muscle
urethral sphincter
Camper`s fascia
What does apoptosis mean?
programmed cell death
new vascular formation
uninhibited neural stimulation
premature muscular contraction
Which of the following is (are) direct branch(es) of the abdominal aorta?
median sacral artery
inferior phrenic arteries
gonadal arteries
all of the above
From where does the main parasympathetic efferent innervation to the pelvic plexus arise?
S1
S2-S4
T11-L2
L3-S1
What is false concerning fosfomycin antibiotic?
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causes injection site reactions
is active against most uropathogens
is effective as a single-dose agent
Which of the following carries the greatest risk of HIV transmission to health care workers?
splash of patient`s blood to the eyes
splash of patient`s blood to the mouth
surgical suture needle stick
hollow bore needle stick
Which of the prostate medications could result in significant hypotension?
finasteride
prazosin
silodosin
vardenafil
The commonest neoplasms that metastasize to kidneys come from:
breasts
thyroids
lungs
liver
In utero, which hormone stimulates the development of Wolffian ducts?
estradiol
DHT
FSH
testosterone
Which type of renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is more likely to form renal stones?
type 1
type 2
type 3
type 4
Which of the following is false regarding Addison`s disease?
autoimmune disease in 70% of the cases
diagnosed by the rapid ACTH stimulation test
characterized by low serum sodium and high potassium
may coexist with hyperthyroidism and diabetes mellitus
Renal blood flow is autoregulated by:
sympathetic nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system
urinary output
afferent arteriolar resistance
What causes ureteral dilation during pregnancy is:
mechanical compression by the gravid uterus
physiological increase urine flow during pregnancy
elevated levels of progesterone
reflex inhibition of ureteral contractions
What are the first and second most common zones from where prostate cancers arise?
central then transitional
peripheral then transitional
peripheral then central
transitional then central
What is the most likely diagnosis of an erectile dysfunction patient with low plasma testosterone and high prolactin levels?
pituitary adenoma
adrenal adenoma
Kallmann syndrome
Klinefelter syndrome
Which statement is false concerning smegma?
it is the white secretion produced under the foreskin in males
it has a crucial role in penile cancer development
it contains lysozymes, chymotrypsin, neutrophil elastase and cytokines
female smegma can be found between the labia
Which agent should be avoided during living-related donor nephrectomy?
ice slush
heparin
norepinephrine
methylene blue
Which hormone measures testicular germ cell function best?
LH
FSH
HCG
none of the above
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basal cells
intermediate cells
tubulo-columnar cells
neuroendocrine cells
In utero, which hormone stimulates the development of the prostate gland?
estradiol
DHT
FSH
testosterone
What class of antibiotics might cause vestibular and/or auditory impairment?
aminoglycosides
αantipseudomonal penicillins
cephalosporins
fluoroquinolones
Which of the prostate medications could result in retrograde ejaculation?
tamsulosin
doxazosin
dutasteride
alfuzosin
What antibiotic could result in red man syndrome?
vancomycin
clindamycin
streptomycin
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Which agent is most likely to cause hemorrhagic cystitis?
cisplatin
ifosfamide
phosphomycin
amphotericin B
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the most superficial layer of the adrenal cortex
responses to increased potassium levels, renin or decreased renal blood flow
it causes pheochromocytoma
secretes aldosterone
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sympathetic nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system
somatic nervous system
none of the above