from early morning urine sample
comparing urine and serum calcium at a given time
performing 24 urine collection
from a mid-stream urine sample
C. performing 24 urine collection
the prostate gland
seminal vesicles
epididymi
bulbourethral glands
increase collecting duct permeability
increase medullary blood flow
decrease cortical blood flow
decrease potassium secretion
hypercholesterolemia
hyperuricemia
hypoglycemia
hypercalcemia
ureteral atresia
vesicoureteral reflux
ureteropelvic junction obstruction
ureteral duplication
granular
hyaline
waxy
pigment
mechanical compression by the gravid uterus
physiological increase urine flow during pregnancy
elevated levels of progesterone
reflex inhibition of ureteral contractions
sterility is the rule
has a considerable short life span
treatment requires testicular microdissection and sperm extraction
47 XXY karyotype
inferior mesenteric artery
superior mesenteric artery
celiac artery
common iliac artery
pelvic floor muscles
seminal vesicles
anterior surface of the sacrum
median lobe of the prostate
retinal hemangioblastoma
ureteral atresia
pheochromocytomas
multiple cysts in the pancreas and kidneys
allopurinol
aminoglycosides
cimetidine
all of the above
human kallikrein 2
pro-PSA
free PSA
complexed PSA
5 6 yrs.
7 8 yrs.
9 10 yrs.
11 12 yrs.
central zone
peripheral zone
transitional zone
periurethral glands
each epididymis can be palpable at the postero-lateral surface of the testis
has 3 parts; head, body, and tail
new batches of sperms stay in the epididymis around 2 days for maturation
shares the same blood supply of the testis
sympathetic nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system
somatic nervous system
none of the above
reflux to the upper pole ureter, obstruction to the lower pole ureter
reflux to the lower pole ureter, obstruction to the upper pole ureter
left ureteropelvic junction obstruction, right ureterocele
right ureteropelvic junction obstruction, left ureterocele
from early morning urine sample
comparing urine and serum calcium at a given time
performing 24 urine collection
from a mid-stream urine sample
type 1
type 2
type 3
type 4
if PSA reading had exceeded 2.7 ng/ml over 12 months
if free PSA reading was less than 0.4 ng/ml
if total PSA reading was greater than 8 ng/ml
any of the above
dehydration
myoglobinuria
high doses of vitamin C
all of the above
gender
age
obstructing stone at left lower ureter
rhabdomyolysis
Serratia marcescens
Streptococcus pyogenes
Clostridium difficile
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
ejaculatory ducts
prostatic urethra
membranous urethra
bulbous urethra
vancomycin
clindamycin
streptomycin
tobramycin
sixth
seventh
eighth
ninth
central then transitional
peripheral then transitional
peripheral then central
transitional then central
vas deferens
seminal vesicles
appendix epididymis
appendix testis
long-acting insulin
metformin
sulfonylurea
none of the above
100
50
10
5