A. the free form of PSA exists in small proportions in the body, and found mainly in BPH and in the ejaculate

B. α1- anti chymotrypsin binds to 3 epitopes of the PSA molecule to form a complexed PSA

C. α2- macroglobulin binds to 5 epitopes of the PSA molecule to form a complexed PSA

D. the purified PSA molecule has a molecular weight of 90 kDa

A. depends on the ability of hemoglobin to oxidize a chromogen indicator

B. negative results need to be confirmed by microscopic examination

C. has a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 75%

D. the presence of many epithelial cells suggests skin or vaginal contamination

A. vancomycin

B. clindamycin

C. streptomycin

D. tobramycin

A. super fertility

B. increase aromatization reaction

C. increase resistance to circulating insulin

D. sleep apnea

A. urine production exceeding 200 ml/hr for 2 consecutive hours or producing greater than 3 L of urine in 24 hours is diagnostic of POD

B. pathologic POD can be exacerbated by excessive fluid replacement

C. the replacement fluid choice is ringer lactate

D. fluid resuscitation depends on the degree of dehydration

A. prostatic fascia and levator fascia

B. prostate capsule and prostatic fascia

C. Denonvilliers fascia and prostate capsule

D. Denonvilliers fascia and endopelvic fascia

A. quadratus lumborum and diaphragm

B. psoas and diaphragm

C. psoas and latissimus dorsi

D. transversus abdominus and paraspinous

A. by increasing oxalate absorption

B. by heterogeneous nucleation

C. by inducing hyperoxaluria

D. by reducing urate crystals saturation

A. an aspirate of pelvic urinoma

B. in untreated end-stage renal failure disease

C. a sample from a wound drain after pyeloplasty

D. a sample from suprapubic catheter

A. decrease plasma estradiol levels

B. increase plasma testosterone-estradiol-binding globulin levels

C. suppression of suprarenal androgens

D. exaggerated pituitary response to feedback hormones

A. each epididymis can be palpable at the postero-lateral surface of the testis

B. has 3 parts; head, body, and tail

C. new batches of sperms stay in the epididymis around 2 days for maturation

D. shares the same blood supply of the testis

A. ejaculatory ducts

B. prostatic urethra

C. membranous urethra

D. bulbous urethra

A. degenerate after birth

B. called the caudal genital ligaments

C. help guide the testes down through the inguinal canals

D. represent undifferentiated mesenchyme

A. Scarpa`s fascia

B. fascia lata

C. Dartos fascia

D. Camper`s fascia

A. human kallikrein 2

B. pro-PSA

C. free PSA

D. complexed PSA

A. it is a reduction reaction that converts nitrate to nitrite

B. nitrazine reagent papers are used to elicit the reaction

C. it is false negative in diluted urine, on taking vitamin C, and in gram +ve bacteria

D. the reaction takes 4 minutes to complete

A. seminal vesicles

B. the prostate

C. testes

D. bulbourethral glands

A. somatic innervations

B. sympathetic fibers from T11 - L2

C. the pudendal nerve

D. the obturator nerve

A. chyluria

B. bacteriuria

C. phosphaturia

D. all of the above

A. tamsulosin

B. doxazosin

C. dutasteride

D. alfuzosin

A. S1

B. S2-S4

C. T11-L2

D. L3-S1

A. kidney stones

B. glomerulonephritis

C. BPH

D. bladder cancer

A. renal pelvis

B. branches of the renal artery

C. tributaries of renal vein

D. all of the above

A. aldosterone

B. hypocalcemia

C. parathyroid hormone

D. vitamin D

A. scattered radiation from the unleaded wall

B. scattered radiation from the patient

C. scattered radiation from the floor and ceiling

D. radiation from the primary beam

A. the free form of PSA exists in small proportions in the body, and found mainly in BPH and in the ejaculate

B. α1- anti chymotrypsin binds to 3 epitopes of the PSA molecule to form a complexed PSA

C. α2- macroglobulin binds to 5 epitopes of the PSA molecule to form a complexed PSA

D. the purified PSA molecule has a molecular weight of 90 kDa

A. inherited chromosomal-mediated resistance

B. acquired chromosomal-mediated resistance

C. extrachromosomal-mediated resistance

D. all of the above

A. Watson plexus

B. capsular arteries and veins

C. inferior vesical and midrectal vessels

D. Santorini plexus

A. there are 4 surgical segments of the kidney, based on the segmental artery distribution

B. along the kidney convexity, there is an avascular plane

C. there are no collaterals between segmental arteries

D. in < 10%, the posterior branch is the first to branch off the renal artery

A. proximal convoluted tubules

B. distal convoluted tubules

C. collecting duct

D. loop of Henle

A. hepatic toxicity

B. renal toxicity

C. neural toxicity

D. cardiac toxicity