the prostate gland
seminal vesicles
epididymi
bulbourethral glands
C. epididymi
inherited chromosomal-mediated resistance
acquired chromosomal-mediated resistance
extrachromosomal-mediated resistance
all of the above
kidney stones
glomerulonephritis
BPH
bladder cancer
9 12 weeks
12 15 weeks
15 18 weeks
18 21 weeks
type 1
type 2
type 3
type 4
central zone
peripheral zone
preprostatic tissue
anterior fibromuscular stroma
urine production exceeding 200 ml/hr for 2 consecutive hours or producing greater than 3 L of urine in 24 hours is diagnostic of POD
pathologic POD can be exacerbated by excessive fluid replacement
the replacement fluid choice is ringer lactate
fluid resuscitation depends on the degree of dehydration
catalase activity of erythrocytes
peroxidase activity of erythrocytes
lyase activity of erythrocytes
none of the above
α1-A
α2-A
α1-B
α2-B
sterility is the rule
has a considerable short life span
treatment requires testicular microdissection and sperm extraction
47 XXY karyotype
administration of hypertonic saline
administration of crystalloid
administration of normal saline
administration of ringer lactate
spermine
acid phosphatase
PSA
semenoglobulin
Watson plexus
capsular arteries and veins
inferior vesical and midrectal vessels
Santorini plexus
ejaculatory ducts
prostatic urethra
membranous urethra
bulbous urethra
hepatic toxicity
renal toxicity
neural toxicity
cardiac toxicity
sympathetic nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system
urinary output
afferent arteriolar resistance
bound to sex hormone-binding globulin
free
bound to α1-antichymotrypsin
bound to albumin
reflux to the upper pole ureter, obstruction to the lower pole ureter
reflux to the lower pole ureter, obstruction to the upper pole ureter
left ureteropelvic junction obstruction, right ureterocele
right ureteropelvic junction obstruction, left ureterocele
retinal hemangioblastoma
ureteral atresia
pheochromocytomas
multiple cysts in the pancreas and kidneys
Serratia marcescens
Streptococcus pyogenes
Clostridium difficile
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
hypercholesterolemia
hyperuricemia
hypoglycemia
hypercalcemia
occurs after acrosome reaction
entails removal of a glycoprotein layer
it is a biochemical event of sperm maturation
changes occur in the female genital tract
vas deferens
seminal vesicles
appendix epididymis
appendix testis
hoarseness of voice
enlargement of testes
appearance of axillary hair
change in body odor
long-acting insulin
metformin
sulfonylurea
none of the above
vancomycin
clindamycin
streptomycin
tobramycin
43 ml/hr of normal saline
78 ml/hr of ¼ normal saline
69 ml/hr of ½ normal saline
54 ml/hr of ¼ normal saline
hyperoxaluria
hypercalciuria
hyperuricosuria
hyperphosphateuria
uretero-pelvic junction
uretero-vesical junction
where ureters cross the pelvic brim
where ureters cross the common iliac bifurcation
aminoglycosides
αantipseudomonal penicillins
cephalosporins
fluoroquinolones
malignancy is identified in patients presenting with microhematuria more than in patients presenting with gross hematuria
microscopic hematuria is defined as > 3 red blood cells per high powered field (RBC/hpf) on a single specimen
warrants full hematuria workup
history of cigarette smoking is of significance