Low carbon steel
High carbon steel
Medium carbon steel
High speed steel
C. Medium carbon steel
There is no change in grain size
The average grain size is a minimum
The grain size increases very rapidly
The grain size first increases and then decreases very rapidly
High resistance to rusting and corrosion
High ductility
Ability of hold protective coating
Uniform strength in all directions
Stiffness
Ductility
Resilience
Plasticity
0.1 to 0.5 %
0.5 to 1 %
1 to 5 %
5 to 10 %
Duralumin
Brass
Copper
Silver
Equal to
Less than
More than
None of these
Gun metal
Bronze
Bell metal
Babbitt metal
Equal to
Less than
More than
None of these
Increase
Decrease
Remain same
First increase and then decrease
Yield point increases
Ductility decreases
Ultimate tensile strength increases
All of these
30 %
45 %
55 %
70 %
Make the steel tougher and harder
Raise the yield point
Make the steel ductile and of good bending qualities
All of the above
Brittle
Hard
Ductile
Tough
Mild steel
Alloy steel
High carbon
Tungsten steel
Silver, copper, zinc
Silver, tin, nickel
Silver, lead, zinc
Silver, copper, aluminium
Carbon
Sulphur
Silicon
Manganese
Refine the grain structure
Remove strains caused by cold working
Remove dislocations caused in the internal structure due to hot working
All of the above
Silica bricks
A mixture of tar and burnt dolomite bricks
Both (A) and (B)
None of these
Has a fixed structure under all conditions
Exists in several crystal forms at different temperatures
Responds to heat treatment
Has its atoms distributed in a random pattern
Improvement of casting characteristics
Improvement of corrosion resistance
One of the best known age and precipitation hardening systems
Improving machinability
65% nickel, 15% chromium and 20% iron
68% nickel, 29% copper and 3% other constituents
80% nickel and 20% chromium
80% nickel, 14% chromium and 6% iron
High temperature and low strain rates favour brittle fracture
Many metals with hexagonal close packed (H.C.P) crystal structure commonly show brittle fracture
Brittle fracture is always preceded by noise
Cup and cone formation is characteristic for brittle materials
Cold rolled steel
Hot rolled steel
Forged steel
Cast steel
In a random manner
In a haphazard way
In circular motion
Back and forth like tiny pendulums
Shot peening
Nitriding of surface
Cold working
Surface decarburisation
Contains 1.7 to 3.5% carbon in Free State and is obtained by the slow cooling of molten cast iron
Is also known as chilled cast iron and is obtained by cooling rapidly. It is almost unmachinable
Is produced by annealing process. It is soft, tough and easily machined metal
Is produced by small additions of magnesium (or creium) in the ladle. Graphite is in nodular or spheroidal form and is well dispersed throughout the material
Removing the impurities like clay, sand etc. from the iron ore by washing with water
Expelling moisture, carbon dioxide, sulphur and arsenic from the iron ore by heating in shallow kilns
Reducing the ore with carbon in the presence of a flux
All of the above
RC 65
RC 48
RC 57
RC 80
High machinability
Low melting point
High tensile strength
All of the above
α-iron
β-iron
γ-iron
δ-iron