Cold rolled steel
Hot rolled steel
Forged steel
Cast steel
A. Cold rolled steel
Grain growth, recrystallisation, stress relief
Stress relief, grain growth, recrystallisation
Stress relief, recrystallisation, grain growth
Grain growth, stress relief, recrystallisation
Lead base alloy
Copper base alloy
Tin base alloy
Cadmium base alloy
In still air
Slowly in the furnace
Suddenly in a suitable cooling medium
Any one of these
Brass
Cast iron
Aluminium
Steel
Brittleness
Ductility
Malleability
Plasticity
Amorphous material
Mesomorphous material
Crystalline material
None of these
70% copper and 30% zinc
90% copper and 10% tin
85 - 92% copper and rest tin with little lead and nickel
70 - 75% copper and rest tin
Reduced neutron absorption cross-section
Improved Weldability
Embrittlement
Corrosion resistance
Free carbon
Graphite
Cementite
White carbon
Sulphur
Phosphorus
Manganese
Silicon
The product produced by blast-furnace is called cast iron
The pig iron is the name given to the product produced by cupola
The cast iron has high tensile strength
The chilled cast iron has no graphite
Carbon in the form of carbide
Low tensile strength
High compressive strength
All of these
Line defect
Surface defect
Point defect
None of these
Elastic properties in all directions
Stresses induced in all directions
Thermal properties in all directions
Electric and magnetic properties in all directions
Malleability
Ductility
Surface finish
Damping characteristics
0.2 %
0.8 %
1.3 %
2 %
Modulus of elasticity is fairly low
Wear resistance is very good
Fatigue strength is not high
Creep strength limits its use to fairly low temperatures
Ductile material
Malleable material
Brittle material
Tough material
1539°C
1601°C
1489°C
1712°C
Carbon
Sulphur
Silicon
Manganese
RC 65
RC 48
RC 57
RC 80
Cementite
Free graphite
Both A and B
None of these
Naked eye
Optical microscope
Metallurgical microscope
X-ray techniques
Room temperature
Above melting point
Between 1400°C and 1539°C
Between 910°C and 1400°C
Cast iron
Mild steel
Stainless steel
Carbonchrome steel
Below 723°C
770 to 910°C
910 to 1440°C
1400 to 1539°C
Zinc, magnesium, cobalt, cadmium, antimony and bismuth
Gamma iron, aluminium, copper, lead, silver and nickel
Alpha iron, tungsten, chromium and molybdenum
None of the above
At which crystals first start forming from molten metal when it is cooled
At which new spherical crystals first begin to form from the old deformed one when a strained metal is heated
At which change of allotropic form takes place
At which crystals grow bigger in size
Copper, zinc and iron
Iron, nickel and copper
Iron, lead and tin
Iron, aluminium and magnesium
Improvement of casting characteristics
Improvement of corrosion resistance
One of the best known age and precipitation hardening systems
Improving machinability