Stiffness
Ductility
Resilience
Plasticity
Controls the grade of pig iron
Acts as an iron bearing mineral
Supplies heat to reduce ore and melt the iron
Forms a slag by combining with impurities
Hardness
Brittleness
Plasticity
Ductility
Brass
Bronze
Gun metal
Muntz metal
Cobalt
Nickel
Vanadium
Iron
Elasticity
Plasticity
Ductility
Malleability
Acidic
Basic
Neutral
Brittle
0.1 to 0.2 %
0.25 to 0.5 %
0.6 to 0.7 %
0.7 to 0.9 %
87.75% Sn, 4% Cu, 8% Sb, 0.25% Bi
90% Sn, 2% Cu, 4% Sb, 2% Bi, 2% Mg
87% Sn, 4% Cu, 8% Sb, 1% Al
82% Sn, 4% Cu, 8% Sb, 3% Al, 3% Mg
Air is burning out silicon and manganese
Silicon and manganese has burnt and carbon has started oxidising
The converter must be titled to remove the contents of the converter
The brown smoke does not occur during the operation of a Bessemer converter
Contains 1.7 to 3.5% carbon in Free State and is obtained by the slow cooling of molten cast iron
Is also known as chilled cast iron and is obtained by cooling rapidly. It is almost unmachinable
Is produced by annealing process. It is soft, tough and easily machined metal
Is produced by small additions of magnesium (or creium) in the ladle. Graphite is in nodular or spheroidal form and is well dispersed throughout the material
Providing corrosion resistance
Improving machining properties
Providing high strength at elevated temperatures
Raising the elastic limit
Mild steel
Copper
Nickel
Aluminium
Chromium and nickel
Sulphur, phosphorus, lead
Vanadium, aluminium
Tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium, chromium
Brittle
Hard
Ductile
Tough
Deformation under stress
Fracture due to high impact loads
Externally applied forces with breakdown or yielding
None of the above
Decrease
Increase
Remain constant
First increase and then decrease
Chromium
Nickel
Vanadium
Manganese
Strength
Stiffness
Toughness
Brittleness
Nickel, chromium and manganese
Tungsten, molybdenum and phosphorous
Lead, tin, aluminium
Zinc, sulphur, and chromium
Alloy and carbon tool steel
Magnet steel
High speed tool steel
All of these
0.1 %
0.2 %
0.4 %
0.6 %
0.025 %
0.26 %
0.8 %
1.7 %
Amount of carbon it contains
The shape and distribution of the carbides in iron
Method of fabrication
Contents of alloying elements
Stack
Throat
Bosh
Tyres
Point defect
Line defect
Plane defect
Volumetric defect
Carburising
Normalising
Annealing
Tempering
Molecular change
Physical change
Allotropic change
Solidus change
Improvement of casting characteristics
Improvement of corrosion resistance
One of the best known age and precipitation hardening systems
Improving machinability
Linear
Nonlinear
Plastic
No fixed relationship