Equal to
Less than
More than
None of these
B. Less than
Chromium and nickel
Nickel and molybdenum
Aluminium and zinc
Tungsten and sulphur
Cast iron
Pig iron
Wrought iron
Malleable iron
Hard
High in strength
Highly resistant to corrosion
Heat treated to change its properties
3.5 to 4.5% copper, 0.4 to 0.7% magnesium, 0.4 to 0.7% manganese and rest aluminium
3.5 to 4.5% copper, 1.2 to 1.7% manganese, 1.8 to 2.3% nickel, 0.6% each of silicon, magnesium and iron, and rest aluminium
4 to 4.5% magnesium, 3 to 4% copper and rest aluminium
5 to 6% tin, 2 to 3% copper and rest aluminium
Below 10°K
Above 100°K
Around 0°C
Around 100°C
50 : 50
40 : 60
60 : 40
20 : 80
Silicon
Sulphur
Manganese
Phosphorus
Amount of carbon it contains
The shape and distribution of the carbides in iron
Method of fabrication
Contents of alloying elements
No graphite
A very high percentage of graphite
A low percentage of graphite
Graphite as its basic constituent of composition
0.5 to 1 %
1.2 %
2.5 to 4.5 %
5 to 7 %
Silver metal
Duralumin
Hastelloy
Invar
3.5 to 4.5% copper, 0.4 to 0.7% magnesium, 0.4 to 0.7% manganese and rest aluminium
3.5 to 4.5% copper, 1.2 to 1.7% manganese, 1.8 to 2.3% nickel, 0.6% each of silicon, magnesium and iron, and rest aluminium
4 to 4.5% magnesium, 3 to 4% copper and rest aluminium
5 to 6% tin, 2 to 3% copper and rest aluminium
Tensile strength
Hardness
Ductility
Fluidity
1% silver
2% silver
5% silver
No silver
Point defect
Line defect
Plane defect
Volumetric defect
It easily machinable
It brittle
It hard
The casting unsound
Relieve stresses
Harden steel slightly
Improve machining characteristic
Soften material
Carbon in the form of free graphite
High tensile strength
Low compressive strength
All of these
Aluminium in steel results in excessive grain growth
Manganese in steel induces hardness
Nickel and chromium in steel helps in raising the elastic limit and improve the resilience and ductility
Tungsten in steels improves magnetic properties and hardenability
Stages at which allotropic forms change
Stages at which further heating does not increase temperature for some time
Stages at which properties do not change with increase in temperature
There is nothing like points of arrest
Cold rolled steel
Hot rolled steel
Forged steel
Cast steel
Hardening surface of work-piece to obtain hard and wear resistant surface
Heating and cooling rapidly
Increasing hardness throughout
Inducing hardness by continuous process
High machinability
Low melting point
High tensile strength
All of the above
Silver, copper, zinc
Silver, tin, nickel
Silver, lead, zinc
Silver, copper, aluminium
Made by adding carbon in steel
Refined from cast iron
An alloy of iron and carbon with varying quantities of phosphorus and sulphur
Extensively used for making cutting tools
Duralumin
Y-alloy
Magnalium
Hindalium
0.2 %
0.5 %
0.8 %
1.0 %
Eutectic cast irons
Hypoeutectic cast irons
Hypereutectic cast irons
None of these
Magnesium alloys
Titanium alloys
Chromium alloys
Magnetic steel alloys
Naked eye
Optical microscope
Metallurgical microscope
X-ray techniques