65% nickel, 15% chromium and 20% iron
68% nickel, 29% copper and 3% other constituents
80% nickel and 20% chromium
80% nickel, 14% chromium and 6% iron
D. 80% nickel, 14% chromium and 6% iron
Body centered cubic
Face centered cubic
Hexagonal close packed
Cubic structure
Duralumin
Brass
Copper
Silver
0.04 %
0.35 to 0.45 %
0.4 to 0.6 %
0.6 to 0.8 %
0.1 to 0.2 %
0.25 to 0.5 %
0.6 to 0.7 %
0.7 to 0.9 %
It contains carbon of the order of 0 to 0.25%
It melts at 1535°C
It is very soft and ductile
It is made by adding suitable percentage of carbon to molten iron and subjecting the product to repeated hammering and rolling.
Contains 1.7 to 3.5% carbon in Free State and is obtained by the slow cooling of molten cast iron
Is also known as chilled cast iron and is obtained by cooling rapidly. It is almost unmachinable
Is produced by annealing process. It is soft, tough, and easily machined metal
Is produced by small additions of magnesium (or cerium) in the ladle. Graphite is in the nodular or spheroidal form and is well dispersed throughout the material
Silver metal
Duralumin
Hastelloy
Invar
At which crystals first start forming from molten metal when it is cooled
At which new spherical crystals first begin to form from the old deformed one when a strained metal is heated
At which change of allotropic form takes place
At which crystals grow bigger in size
It easily machinable
It brittle
It hard
The casting unsound
13% carbon and 87% ferrite
13% cementite and 87% ferrite
13% ferrite and 87% cementite
6.67% carbon and 93.33% iron
Oxides
Carbonates
Sulphides
All of these
Soft and gives coarse grained crystalline structure
Soft and gives a fine grained crystalline structure
Hard and gives a coarse grained crystalline structure
Hard and gives a fine grained crystalline structure
High machinability
Low melting point
High tensile strength
All of the above
Cold rolled into sheets
Drawn into wires
Formed into tube
Any one of these
65% nickel, 15% chromium and 20% iron
68% nickel, 29% copper and 3% other constituents
80% nickel and 20% chromium
80% nickel, 14% chromium and 6% iron
Improves wear resistance, cutting ability and toughness
Refines grain size and produces less tendency to carburisation, improves corrosion and heat resistant properties
Improves cutting ability and reduces hardenability
Gives ductility, toughness, tensile strength and anticorrosion properties
Blackheart cast iron
White-heart cast iron
Both (A) and (B)
None of these
Makes the iron soft and easily machinable
Increases hardness and brittleness
Make the iron white and hard
Aids fusibility and fluidity
High yield point
High fatigue limit
Both (A) and (B)
None of these
There is no change in grain size
The average grain size is a minimum
The grain size increases very rapidly
The grain size first increases and then decreases very rapidly
Blast furnace
Cupola
Open hearth furnace
Bessemer converter
Improvement of casting characteristics
Improvement of corrosion resistance
One of the best known age and precipitation hardening systems
Improving machinability
Chromium
Nickel
Vanadium
Manganese
α-iron
β-iron
γ-iron
δ-iron
Ductile
Malleable
Homogeneous
Anisotropic
Providing corrosion resistance
Improving machining properties
Providing high strength at elevated temperatures
Raising the elastic limit
Silicon
Manganese
Carbon
Chromium
Uranium
Thorium
Niobium
All of these
Improves wear resistance, cutting ability and toughness
Refines grain size and produces less tendency to carburisation, improve corrosion and heat resistant proper ties
Improves cutting ability and reduce hardenability
Gives ductility, toughness, tensile strength and anti corrosion property
Machinability
Hardness
Hardness and strength
Strength and ductility