Low wear resistance
Low hardness
Low tensile strength
Toughness
13% carbon and 87% ferrite
13% cementite and 87% ferrite
13% ferrite and 87% cementite
6.67% carbon and 93.33% iron
Pearlite
Ferrite
Cementite
Martensite
Cementite
Free carbon
Flakes
Spheroids
Reduced neutron absorption cross-section
Improved Weldability
Embrittlement
Corrosion resistance
0.5% of phosphorous
1% phosphorous
2.5% phosphorous
None of the above
Silver and some impurities
Refined silver
Nickel, Copper and zinc
Nickel and copper
Zinc, magnesium, cobalt, cadmium, antimony and bismuth
Gamma iron, aluminium, copper, lead, silver and nickel
Alpha iron, tungsten, chromium and molybdenum
None of the above
Flywheel of steam engine
Cast iron pipes
Cycle chains
Gas turbine blades
Nickel
Chromium
Nickel and chromium
Sulphur, lead and phosphorus
Mild steel
Cast iron
HSS
High carbon
Refine the grain structure
Remove strains caused by cold working
Remove dislocations caused in the internal structure due to hot working
All of the above
3.5 to 4.5% copper, 0.4 to 0.7% magnesium, 0.4 to 0.7% manganese and rest aluminium
3.5 to 4.5% copper, 1.2 to 1.7% manganese, 1.8 to 2.3% nickel, 0.6% each of silicon, magnesium and iron, and rest aluminium
4 to 4.5% magnesium, 3 to 4% copper and rest aluminium
5 to 6% tin, 2 to 3% copper and rest aluminium
Ductile material
Malleable material
Brittle material
Tough material
Acts as deoxidiser
Reduces the grain size
Decreases tensile strength and hardness
Lowers the toughness and transverse ductility
Aluminium
Low carbon steel
Medium carbon steel
High carbon steel
Which are destroyed by burning
Which after their destruction are recycled to produce fresh steel
Which are deoxidised in the ladle with silicon and aluminium
In which carbon is completely burnt
Zinc
Lead
Silver
Glass
13% carbon and 87% ferrite
13% cementite and 87% ferrite
13% ferrite and 87% cementite
6.67% carbon and 93.33% iron
Chromium and nickel
Nickel and molybdenum
Aluminium and zinc
Tungsten and sulphur
Vanadium 4%, chromium 18% and tungsten 1%
Vanadium 1%, chromium 4% and tungsten 18%
Vanadium 18%, chromium 1% and tungsten 4%
None of the above
Ferrite
Pearlite
Austenite
Ferrite and cementite
Improvement of casting characteristics
Improvement of corrosion resistance
One of the best known age and precipitation hardening systems
Improving machinability
70% copper and 30% zinc
90% copper and 10% tin
85 - 92% copper and rest tin with little lead and nickel
70 - 75% copper and rest tin
1% silver
2% silver
5% silver
No silver
60% copper and 40% beryllium
80% copper and 20% beryllium
97.75% copper and 2.25% beryllium
99% copper and 1% beryllium
Promotes decarburisation
Provides high hot hardness
Forms very hard carbides and thus increases wear resistance
Promotes retention of austenite
Room temperature
Near melting point
Between 1400°C and 1539°C
Between 910°C and 1400°C
There is no critical point
There is only one critical point
There are two critical points
There can be any number of critical points
Same
Less
More
None of these