In a random manner
In a haphazard way
In circular motion
Back and forth like tiny pendulums
D. Back and forth like tiny pendulums
Heated below the lower critical temperature and then cooled slowly
Heated up to the lower critical temperature and then cooled in still air
Heated slightly above the lower critical temperature and then cooled slowly to a temperature of 600°C
None of the above
70% copper and 30% zinc
90% copper and 10% ti
85 - 92% copper and rest tin with little lead and nickel
70 - 75% copper and rest tin
Elasticity
Plasticity
Ductility
Malleability
It is prone to age hardening
It can be forged
It has good machining properties
It is lighter than pure aluminium
Low carbon steel
High carbon steel
Medium carbon steel
High speed steel
Tensile strength
Hardness
Ductility
Fluidity
94% aluminium, 4% copper and 0.5% Mn, Mg, Si and Fe
92.5% aluminium, 4% copper, 2% nickel, and 1.5% Mg
10% aluminium and 90% copper
90% magnesium and 9% aluminium with some copper
0.05 to 0.20 %
0.20 to 0.45 %
0.45 to 0.55 %
0.55 to 1.0 %
Below 10°K
Above 100°K
Around 0°C
Around 100°C
High resistance to rusting and corrosion
High ductility
Ability of hold protective coating
Uniform strength in all directions
Nickel
Chromium
Nickel and chromium
Sulphur, lead and phosphorus
Cast iron
Mild steel
Stainless steel
Carbonchrome steel
Greater than 7
Equal to 7
Less than 7
pH value has nothing to do with basic solution
0.2 %
0.8 %
1.3 %
2 %
Tin, lead and small percentage of antimony
Tin and lead
Tin, lead and silver
Tin and copper
70% copper and 30% zinc
90% copper and 10% tin
85 - 92% copper and rest tin with little lead and nickel
70 - 75% copper and rest tin
Tin, antimony, copper
Tin and copper
Tin and lead
Lead and zinc
Silicon
Sulphur
Manganese
Phosphorus
Heated from 30°C to 50°C above the upper critical temperature and then cooled in still air
Heated from 30°C to 50°C above the upper critical temperature and then cooled suddenly in a suitable cooling medium
Heated from 30°C to 50°C above the upper critical temperature and then cooled slowly in the furnace
Heated below or closes to the lower critical temperature and then cooled slowly
Grain growth, recrystallisation, stress relief
Stress relief, grain growth, recrystallisation
Stress relief, recrystallisation, grain growth
Grain growth, stress relief, recrystallisation
Aluminium
Low carbon steel
Medium carbon steel
High carbon steel
High machinability
Low melting point
High tensile strength
All of the above
Cementite
Free carbon
Flakes
Spheroids
Silver, copper, zinc
Silver, tin, nickel
Silver, lead, zinc
Silver, copper, aluminium
Wholly pearlite
Wholly austenite
Pearlite and ferrite
Pearlite and cementite
Silver and some impurities
Refined silver
Nickel, Copper and zinc
Nickel and copper
Malleable iron
Nodular iron
Spheroidal iron
Grey iron
Cast iron
Vitrified clay
Asbestos cement
Concrete
Room temperature
Above melting point
Between 1400°C and 1539°C
Between 910°C and 1400°C
Improves wear resistance, cutting ability and toughness
Refines grain size and produces less tendency to carburisation, improves corrosion and heat resistant properties
Improves cutting ability and reduces hardenability
Gives ductility, toughness, tensile strength and anticorrosion properties