What could cause unresolved bacteriuria?
drug resistance
non-compliance
the presence of persistent pathology
all of the above
Correct Answer :
D. all of the above
self-explanatory.
Related Questions
What are the most indicative symptoms of chronic pyelonephritis?
fever and chills
suprapubic pain and pyuria
flank pain and tenderness
none of the above
Why could pyuria be sterile?
because standard laboratory culture specifications might not be favorable for growth of atypical organisms
because UTI could show fewer than 10 white cells/mm3 in urine
because laboratories may not report significant growth of a defined urinary pathogen
all of the above
Ureteral dilation in schistosomiasis could be due to:
vesicoureteral reflux
stenosis of the lower ureter
edematous ureteral wall causing deficient peristalsis
any of the above
What is false concerning Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis?
is most commonly associated with Proteus or E. coli infection
is characterized by lipid-laden foamy macrophages
the overall prognosis is poor
it might involve adjacent structures or organs
What is false regarding biopsy-taking from interstitial cystitis bladder?
no pathognomonic histology for interstitial cystitis
basically, biopsies are performed to exclude carcinomas and other varieties of cystitis
diagnostic biopsies include the presence of discrete micro-ulcers and increased numbers of mast cells in the detrusor muscle or submucosa
none of the above
What are the sequelae of recurrent uncomplicated UTI in young women?
minimal
chronic persistent infections
chronic relapsing infections
bouts of chronic pyelonephritis
Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with interstitial cystitis?
inflammatory bowel disease
rheumatoid arthritis
systemic lupus erythematosus
fibromyalgia
What is true regarding acute pyelonephritis?
a cause of obstruction should be sought
PCN is placed to decompress the kidney and preserve renal function
blood-born staphylococci are commoner than ascending E.coli infections
blood and urine cultures must dictate the antibiotic choice from day 1
What is false concerning chronic orchialgia syndrome?
it is a constant or intermittent pain of testes for more than 3 months
could be due to appendix testis torsion-detorsion
could be due to radiculitis resulting from a degenerative lesion in the thoraco-lumber vertebrae
could be a result of entrapment neuropathy of ilioinguinal or genitofemoral nerve
What is false concerning antiretroviral medications?
multiple antiretroviral drugs can be combined into a single pill
might cause radiolucent renal stones
can lead to a significant rise in the serum level of PDE5 inhibitors, if taken simultaneously
have the advantage of structured treatment interruptions (drug holidays)
What is false concerning Chlamydia trachomatis urethritis in males:
produces yellow whitish, scanty, frothy urethral discharge
shows gram (+), extracellular diplococcic
infection could be contracted from the spouses eyes
responds fairly to azithromycin
As per NIH classification of prostatitis, which type requires no treatment?
type I
type II
type III
type IV
What is false regarding the etiology and treatment of orchialgia syndrome?
small indirect inguinal hernia may irritate the genital branch of genitofemoral nerve causing orchialgia
might respond to a selective nerve block
the recommended treatment is orchiectomy with implantation of a testicular prosthesis
psychotherapy and stress management might alleviate the pain
What is the most significant biological difference in women susceptibility to UTI?
adherence of bacteria to vaginal cells
vaginal dryness
O serogroup
vaginal pH
What could NOT cause recurrent UTI in a 25 yrs. woman?
bladder neck suspension surgery
chronic constipation
poor genital hygiene
contraceptive diaphragm
What condition(s) could occur in schistosomal ureter?
beading of the lower ureteral segment
ureteral fibrosis and calcifications of the distal ureter
stricture at the uretero-vesical junction
all of the above
What is true concerning granulomatous inflammation of the prostate?
is a common cause of elevated PSA level
might follow BCG treatment
is sequelae of untreated type III-b prostatitis
shows homogenous enhancement following Gd-DTPA on prostate MRI
Which treatment modality has NO proven efficacy in CP/CPPS?
selective nerve block
balloon dilation
botulinum A toxin injection
ESWL
What kind of cystitis does NOT progress to malignancy?
foreign-body cystitis due to vesical calculi
Von Brunn`s nests of cystitis cystica and cystitis glandularis
schistosomiasis cystitis
inverted papilloma of the bladder
What is the average age of onset of BPS/IC patients?
30
40
50
60
What is the commonest cause of relapsing UTI in males?
chronic epididymitis
epididymo-orchitis
chronic bacterial prostatitis
venereal cysto-urethritis
What factor(s) increase(s) the risk of bacterial colonization in the prostate?
acute epididymitis
indwelling urethral catheters
transurethral surgery
all of the above
HIV infection increases the incidence of the following cancers, EXCEPT:
Kaposi sarcoma,
Hodgkin lymphoma
non-Hodgkin lymphoma
cervical cancer
What is the most commonly affected organ by genitourinary Brucellosis?
kidneys
bladder
prostate
epididymis
What is true concerning ovarian vein syndrome?
manifests as recurrent renal colics due to ureteral obstruction
treatment is surgical mobilization of ureter and ligation of the vein
commonly, occurs at the left side
the pain worsens on sitting upright and during pregnancy
Which of the following does NOT cause unresolved bacteriuria?
giant staghorn stone
perivesical abscess with fistula to the bladder
bacterial resistance
self-inflicted infection
What could cause unresolved bacteriuria?
drug resistance
non-compliance
the presence of persistent pathology
all of the above
What is the percentage of occurrence of Staphylococcus saprophyticus in symptomatic lower UTIs in young sexually active females?
5%
10%
15%
20%
What is false concerning foreign body cystitis?
most commonly due to indwelling catheters
the areas of inflammation are usually confined to the lateral walls or the dome of the bladder
radiographic changes are nonspecific or present as bullous edema
indwelling catheters are associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder
What is the commonest intra-scrotal pathology in AIDS patients?
beaded vas deferens
testicular micrilithiasis
testicular atrophy
epididymal granuloma