finasteride
prazosin
silodosin
vardenafil
B. prazosin
perineal membrane
deep transverse perineal muscle
urethral sphincter
Camper`s fascia
internal and external iliac
superficial inguinal
deep inguinal
superficial and deep inguinal
high protein diet
hypokalaemia
proximal renal tubular acidosis
idiopathic
inferior mesenteric artery
superior mesenteric artery
celiac artery
common iliac artery
amoxicillin
gentamycin
diclofenac
herb extract
third
fourth
fifth
seventh
central zone
peripheral zone
preprostatic tissue
anterior fibromuscular stroma
autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
von Hippel-Lindau disease
tuberous sclerosis
Sturge-Webber syndrome
intratubular crystal formation might occur
CT cannot reliably confirm the presence of indinavir calculi
stone formation is demonstrated in 80% of patients taking the medication
is a protease inhibitor with poor solubility and significant urinary excretion
superior vesical artery
inferior vesical artery
superior gluteal artery
inferior gluteal artery
reflux to the upper pole ureter, obstruction to the lower pole ureter
reflux to the lower pole ureter, obstruction to the upper pole ureter
left ureteropelvic junction obstruction, right ureterocele
right ureteropelvic junction obstruction, left ureterocele
testes
prostate
seminal vesicles
bulbourethral glands
it is a reduction reaction that converts nitrate to nitrite
nitrazine reagent papers are used to elicit the reaction
it is false negative in diluted urine, on taking vitamin C, and in gram +ve bacteria
the reaction takes 4 minutes to complete
hoarseness of voice
enlargement of testes
appearance of axillary hair
change in body odor
ureteral atresia
vesicoureteral reflux
ureteropelvic junction obstruction
ureteral duplication
increase collecting duct permeability
increase medullary blood flow
decrease cortical blood flow
decrease potassium secretion
43 ml/hr of normal saline
78 ml/hr of ¼ normal saline
69 ml/hr of ½ normal saline
54 ml/hr of ¼ normal saline
serum BUN : creatinine > 20
urine [Na] < 30 mEq/L
Na excretion fraction < 1
all of the above
Serratia marcescens
Streptococcus pyogenes
Clostridium difficile
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
as it distends, it peels off the peritoneum from the abdominal wall
the interureteric ridge is located between the 2 ureteric orifices and the uvula vesicae
Waldeyer`s sheath covers only the distal ureter and forms the deep trigone
in adults, it is percussible over the abdomen when contains at least 150 ml
long-acting insulin
metformin
sulfonylurea
none of the above
depends on the ability of hemoglobin to oxidize a chromogen indicator
negative results need to be confirmed by microscopic examination
has a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 75%
the presence of many epithelial cells suggests skin or vaginal contamination
splash of patient`s blood to the eyes
splash of patient`s blood to the mouth
surgical suture needle stick
hollow bore needle stick
brain stem
C2 C4
S2 - S4
L2 - L4
dehydration
myoglobinuria
high doses of vitamin C
all of the above
chyluria
bacteriuria
phosphaturia
all of the above
79.54
44.19
84.15
94.25
central then transitional
peripheral then transitional
peripheral then central
transitional then central
middle rectal
inferior vesical
a & b
none of the above
hyperoxaluria
hypercalciuria
hyperuricosuria
hyperphosphateuria