Watson plexus
capsular arteries and veins
inferior vesical and midrectal vessels
Santorini plexus
B. capsular arteries and veins
the renal pelvis could be intra or extra renal
the renal pelvis divides into 2 or 3 major calyces
major calyces divide into 2 or 3 minor calyces
unlike lateral calyces, polar calyces are often paired
hyperoxaluria
hypercalciuria
hyperuricosuria
hyperphosphateuria
clotting factor VIII deficiency
clotting factor IX deficiency
breech delivery
scrotal cavernous haemangioma
human kallikrein 2
pro-PSA
free PSA
complexed PSA
vancomycin
cefotaxime
penicillin G
tobramycin
it is a reduction reaction that converts nitrate to nitrite
nitrazine reagent papers are used to elicit the reaction
it is false negative in diluted urine, on taking vitamin C, and in gram +ve bacteria
the reaction takes 4 minutes to complete
increasing vaginal secretions
decreasing vaginal pH
increasing normal vaginal flora
decreasing bacterial adherence
central zone
peripheral zone
preprostatic tissue
anterior fibromuscular stroma
increase collecting duct permeability
increase medullary blood flow
decrease cortical blood flow
decrease potassium secretion
middle rectal
inferior vesical
a & b
none of the above
superior vesical artery
inferior vesical artery
superior gluteal artery
inferior gluteal artery
150 ml
200 ml
250 ml
300 ml
internal and external iliac
superficial inguinal
deep inguinal
superficial and deep inguinal
seminal vesicles
the prostate
testes
bulbourethral glands
the brain cortex
the sacral cord
the lumbar cord
the hypothalamus
over estrogen synthesis
defective end-organ androgen response
extra X chromosome (XXY)
failure of genital ridge regression
harder to catheterize when compared to the male urethra
4 inch long
opens into the vestibule below the clitoris
gets wider at the post-menopausal age
from early morning urine sample
comparing urine and serum calcium at a given time
performing 24 urine collection
from a mid-stream urine sample
Denonvilliers fascia
prostatic fascia
levator fascia
all of the above
the membranous
the bladder neck
the bulbous
the external urethral meatus
aldosterone
hypocalcemia
parathyroid hormone
vitamin D
Staphylococcus epidermidis in the urine
dried urate crystals on the diaper
Adenovirus 11 in the urine
Candidiasis in the urine
third
fourth
fifth
seventh
inferior mesenteric artery
superior mesenteric artery
celiac artery
common iliac artery
79.54
44.19
84.15
94.25
erythropoietin
renin
angiotensin I
angiotensinogen
cystoscopy
CT urography
urine cytology
all of the above
urine production exceeding 200 ml/hr for 2 consecutive hours or producing greater than 3 L of urine in 24 hours is diagnostic of POD
pathologic POD can be exacerbated by excessive fluid replacement
the replacement fluid choice is ringer lactate
fluid resuscitation depends on the degree of dehydration
type 1
type 2
type 3
type 4
quadratus lumborum and diaphragm
psoas and diaphragm
psoas and latissimus dorsi
transversus abdominus and paraspinous