White metal
Solder admiralty
Fusible metal
Phosphor bronze
A. White metal
Duralumin
Y-alloy
Magnalium
Hindalium
Stainless steel
Gun metal
German silver
Duralumin
Heated from 30°C to 50°C above the upper critical temperature and then cooled in still air
Heated from 30°C to 50°C above the upper critical temperature and then cooled suddenly in a suitable cooling medium
Heated from 30°C to 50°C above the upper critical temperature and then cooled slowly in the furnace
Heated below or closes to the lower critical temperature and then cooled slowly
0.05 to 0.20 %
0.20 to 0.45 %
0.45 to 0.55 %
0.55 to 1.0 %
There is no change in grain size
The average grain size is a minimum
The grain size increases very rapidly
The grain size first increases and then decreases very rapidly
0.1 %
0.2 %
0.4 %
0.6 %
Hard
High in strength
Highly resistant to corrosion
Heat treated to change its properties
There is no change in grain size
The average grain size is a minimum
The grain size increases very rapidly
The grain size first increases and then decreases very rapidly
High resistance to rusting and corrosion
High ductility
Ability of hold protective coating
Uniform strength in all directions
Machinability
Hardness
Hardness and strength
Strength and ductility
In still air
Slowly in the furnace
Suddenly in a suitable cooling medium
Any one of these
Steel with 0.8% carbon is wholly pearlite
The amount of cementite increases with the increase in percentage of carbon in iron
A mechanical mixture of 87% cementite and 13% ferrite is called pearlite
The cementite is identified as round particles in the structure
70% copper and 30% zinc
90% copper and 10% ti
85 - 92% copper and rest tin with little lead and nickel
70 - 75% copper and rest tin
Ferritic stainless steel
Austenitic stainless steel
Martenistic stainless steel
Nickel steel
Below 723°C
770 to 910°C
910 to 1440°C
1400 to 1539°C
B.C.C. crystalline structure
F.C.C. crystal structure
H.C.P. structure
A complex cubic structure
94% aluminium, 4% copper and 0.5% Mn, Mg, Si and Fe
92.5% aluminium and, 4% copper, 2% nickel and 1.5% Mg
90% aluminium and 90% copper
90% magnesium and 9% aluminium with some copper
Pig iron
Cast iron
Wrought iron
Steel
Improves wear resistance, cutting ability and toughness
Refines grain size and produces less tendency to carburisation, improves corrosion and heat resistant properties
Improves cutting ability and reduces hardenability
Gives ductility, toughness, tensile strength and anticorrosion properties
Core defects
Surface defects
Superficial defects
Temporary defects
Aluminium
Tin
Zinc
Silver
Shot peening
Nitriding of surface
Cold working
Surface decarburisation
Purification of metal
Grain refinement
Working at lower temperature
All of the above
770°C
910°C
1440°C
1539°C
Silicon and sulphur
Phosphorous, lead and sulphur
Sulphur, graphite and aluminium
Phosphorous and aluminium
Chromium
Nickel
Vanadium
Cobalt
Silver and some impurities
Refined silver
Nickel, Copper and zinc
Nickel and copper
Sulphur
Phosphorus
Manganese
Silicon
Nickel
Vanadium
Cobalt
Molybdenum
Contains 1.7 to 3.5% carbon in Free State and is obtained by the slow cooling of molten cast iron
Is also known as chilled cast iron is obtained by cooling rapidly. It is almost unmachinable
Is produced by annealing process. I is soft, tough and easily machined metal
Is produced by small additions o magnesium (or cerium) in the ladle Graphite is in nodular or spheroidal form and is well dispersed throughout the material