Core defects
Surface defects
Superficial defects
Temporary defects
B. Surface defects
No graphite
A very high percentage of graphite
A low percentage of graphite
Graphite as its basic constituent of composition
Cast iron
Pig iron
Wrought iron
Malleable iron
0.05 %
0.15 %
0.3 %
0.5 %
Strength
Stiffness
Brittleness
Toughness
Greater than 7
Less than 7
Equal to 7
pH value has nothing to do with neutral solution
Ionic bond
Covalent bond
Metallic bond
None of these
0.04 %
0.35 to 0.45 %
0.4 to 0.6 %
0.6 to 0.8 %
Copper
Chromium
Nickel
Silicon
Free form
Combined form
Nodular form
Partly in free and partly in combined state
Stainless steel
High speed steel
Heat resisting steel
Nickel steel
Low carbon steel
High carbon steel
Medium carbon steel
Chrome steel
Zinc
Lead
Silver
Glass
Wholly pearlite
Wholly austenite
Pearlite and ferrite
Pearlite and cementite
Mainly ferrite
Mainly pearlite
Ferrite and pearlite
Pearlite and cementite
Below 10°K
Above 100°K
Around 0°C
Around 100°C
0.02 %
0.3 %
0.63 %
0.8 %
Pearlite
Ferrite
Cementite
Martensite
1% silver
2.5% silver
5% silver
10% silver
Bessemer process
Open hearth process
Electric process
LD process
Remain same
Decreases
Increases
None of these
Cast iron
Mild steel
Nonferrous materials
Stainless steel
Silver, copper, zinc
Silver, tin, nickel
Silver, lead, zinc
Silver, copper, aluminium
Sulphur
Phosphorus
Manganese
Silicon
Nickel steel
Chrome steel
Nickel-chrome steel
Silicon steel
It contains carbon of the order of 0 to 0.25%
It melts at 1535°C
It is very soft and ductile
It is made by adding suitable percentage of carbon to molten iron and subjecting the product to repeated hammering and rolling.
Soft and gives coarse grained crystalline structure
Soft and gives a fine grained crystalline structure
Hard and gives a coarse grained crystalline structure
Hard and gives a fine grained crystalline structure
Below 0.5 %
Below 1 %
Above 1 %
Above 2.2 %
Gun metal
Bronze
Bell metal
Babbitt metal
In which atoms align themselves in a geometric pattern upon solidification
In which there is no definite atomic structure and atoms exist in a random pattern just as in a liquid
Which is not attacked by phosphorous
Which emits fumes on melting
Tin, lead and small percentage of antimony
Tin and lead
Tin, lead and silver
Tin and copper