0.1 %
0.2 %
0.4 %
0.6 %
A. 0.1 %
High temperature and low strain rates favour brittle fracture
Many metals with hexagonal close packed (H.C.P) crystal structure commonly show brittle fracture
Brittle fracture is always preceded by noise
Cup and cone formation is characteristic for brittle materials
Sulphur
Phosphorus
Manganese
Silicon
Elastic properties in all directions
Stresses induced in all directions
Thermal properties in all directions
Electric and magnetic properties in all directions
63 to 67% nickel and 30% copper
88% copper and 10% tin and rest zinc
Alloy of tin, lead and cadmium
Malleable iron and zinc
Contains 1.7 to 3.5% carbon in Free State and is obtained by the slow cooling of molten cast iron
Is also known as chilled cast iron and is obtained by cooling rapidly. It is almost unmachinable
Is produced by annealing process. It is soft, tough and easily machined metal
Is produced by small additions of magnesium (or creium) in the ladle. Graphite is in nodular or spheroidal form and is well dispersed throughout the material
Cast iron
Pig iron
Wrought iron
Malleable iron
0.05 to 0.20 %
0.20 to 0.45 %
0.45 to 0.55 %
0.55 to 1.0 %
Percentage of carbon
Percentage of alloying elements
Heat treatment employed
Shape of carbides and their distribution in iron
Cementite
Free graphite
Both A and B
None of these
Aluminium in steel results in excessive grain growth
Manganese in steel induces hardness
Nickel and chromium in steel helps in raising the elastic limit and improve the resilience and ductility
Tungsten in steels improves magnetic properties and hardenability
Yield point increases
Ductility decreases
Ultimate tensile strength increases
All of these
Resilience
Creep
Fatigue strength
Toughness
Does not effect
Lowers
Raises
None of these
Babbitt metal
Monel metal
Nichrome
Phosphor bronze
30 %
45 %
55 %
70 %
Ability to undergo large permanent deformations in compression
Ability to recover its original form
Ability to undergo large permanent deformations in tension
All of the above
70% copper and 30% zinc
90% copper and 10% tin
85 - 92% copper and rest tin with little lead and nickel
70 - 75% copper and rest tin
Zinc
Lead
Silver
Glass
Improvement of casting characteristics
Improvement of corrosion resistance
One of the best known age and precipitation hardening systems
Improving machinability
Silicon bronze
White metal
Monel metal
Phosphor bronze
Coordination number
Atomic packing factor
Space lattice
None of these
0.5 to 1 %
1.2 %
2.5 to 4.5 %
5 to 7 %
Duralumin
Brass
Copper
Silver
Stainless steel
High speed steel
Heat resisting steel
Nickel steel
Is a ductile material
Can be easily forged or welded
Cannot stand sudden and excessive shocks
All of these
There is no change in grain size
The average grain size is a minimum
The grain size increases very rapidly
The grain size first increases and then decreases very rapidly
White cast iron
Nodular cast iron
Malleable cast iron
Alloy cast iron
600°C
723°C
1147°C
1493°C
Low carbon steel
High carbon steel
Medium carbon steel
Chrome steel
Deformation under stress
Fracture due to high impact loads
Externally applied forces with breakdown or yielding
None of the above