Nickel
Vanadium
Cobalt
Molybdenum
D. Molybdenum
High tensile strength
Its elastic limit close to the ultimate breaking strength
High ductility
All of the above
Blackheart cast iron
White-heart cast iron
Both (A) and (B)
None of these
50 : 50
40 : 60
60 : 40
10 : 90
Molecular change
Physical change
Allotropic change
Solidus change
Ability to undergo large permanent deformations in compression
Ability to recover its original form
Ability to undergo large permanent deformations in tension
All of the above
Grey cast iron, low carbon steel, wrought iron
Low carbon steel, grey cast iron, wrought iron
Wrought iron, low carbon steel, grey cast iron
Wrought iron, grey cast iron, low carbon steel
Silicon
Sulphur
Manganese
Phosphorus
Naked eye
Optical microscope
Metallurgical microscope
X-ray techniques
Contain carbon in free from
Require minimum cutting force
Is used where rapid machining is the prime requirement
Can be cut freely
Mild steel
Copper
Nickel
Aluminium
Alloy and carbon tool steel
Magnet steel
High speed tool steel
All of these
80% or more iron
50% or more iron
Alloying elements like chromium, tungsten nickel and copper
Elements like phosphorus, sulphur and silicon in varying quantities
Body centred cubic
Face centred cubic
Hexagonal close packed
Cubic structure
Creep
Hot tempering
Hot hardness
Fatigue
Relieve stresses
Harden steel slightly
Improve machining characteristic
Soften material
By forming a bulge
By shearing along oblique plane
In direction perpendicular to application of load
By crushing into thousands of pieces
0.025 %
0.26 %
0.8 %
1.7 %
Nichrome
Invar
Magnin
Elinvar
63 to 67% nickel and 30% copper
88% copper and 10% tin and rest zinc
Alloy of tin, lead and cadmium
Silver and chromium
Ductile material
Malleable material
Brittle material
Tough material
Mainly ferrite
Mainly pearlite
Ferrite and pearlite
Pearlite and cementite
0.8 %
Below 0.8 %
Above 0.8 %
None of these
Gun metal
Bronze
Bell metal
Babbitt metal
Aluminium, copper etc.
Nickel, molybdenum etc.
Nickel, Copper, etc.
All of the above
Aluminium
Tin
Zinc
Silver
Grain growth, recrystallisation, stress relief
Stress relief, grain growth, recrystallisation
Stress relief, recrystallisation, grain growth
Grain growth, stress relief, recrystallisation
Heated from 30°C to 50°C above the upper critical temperature and then cooled in still air
Heated from 30°C to 50°C above the upper critical temperature and then cooled suddenly in a suitable cooling medium
Heated from 30°C to 50°C above the upper critical temperature and then cooled slowly in the furnace
Heated below or closes to the lower critical temperature and then cooled slowly
Below 10°K
Above 100°K
Around 0°C
Around 100°C
Cold rolled steel
Hot rolled steel
Forged steel
Cast steel
Acidic
Basic
Neutral
Brittle