middle rectal
inferior vesical
a & b
none of the above
C. a & b
it is the white secretion produced under the foreskin in males
it has a crucial role in penile cancer development
it contains lysozymes, chymotrypsin, neutrophil elastase and cytokines
female smegma can be found between the labia
Ureaplasma urealyticum
Chlamydia trachomatis
E. coli
Neisseria gonorrhea
splash of patient`s blood to the eyes
splash of patient`s blood to the mouth
surgical suture needle stick
hollow bore needle stick
terazosin, antihypertensive
benzodiazepines, psychotropic medicine
levodopa, anti-Parkinsonism medicine
brimonidine, glaucoma eye drops
bound to sex hormone-binding globulin
free
bound to α1-antichymotrypsin
bound to albumin
the prostate gland
seminal vesicles
epididymi
bulbourethral glands
intratubular crystal formation might occur
CT cannot reliably confirm the presence of indinavir calculi
stone formation is demonstrated in 80% of patients taking the medication
is a protease inhibitor with poor solubility and significant urinary excretion
an aspirate of pelvic urinoma
in untreated end-stage renal failure disease
a sample from a wound drain after pyeloplasty
a sample from suprapubic catheter
retinal hemangioblastoma
ureteral atresia
pheochromocytomas
multiple cysts in the pancreas and kidneys
renal tuberculosis
urinary tract stones
interstitial cystitis
all of the above
opening of internal bladder sphincter
fall in urethral pressure
rise in intravesical pressure
cessation of sphincter EMG activity
cystoscopy
CT urography
urine cytology
all of the above
there are 4 surgical segments of the kidney, based on the segmental artery distribution
along the kidney convexity, there is an avascular plane
there are no collaterals between segmental arteries
in < 10%, the posterior branch is the first to branch off the renal artery
seminal vesicles
the prostate
testes
bulbourethral glands
should be investigated thoroughly like hematuria
is rarely associated with significant urologic pathology
carries a risk of infertility
mandates testicular biopsy
malignancy is identified in patients presenting with microhematuria more than in patients presenting with gross hematuria
microscopic hematuria is defined as > 3 red blood cells per high powered field (RBC/hpf) on a single specimen
warrants full hematuria workup
history of cigarette smoking is of significance
16
32
64
90
the renal pelvis could be intra or extra renal
the renal pelvis divides into 2 or 3 major calyces
major calyces divide into 2 or 3 minor calyces
unlike lateral calyces, polar calyces are often paired
sympathetic nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system
urinary output
afferent arteriolar resistance
autoimmune disease in 70% of the cases
diagnosed by the rapid ACTH stimulation test
characterized by low serum sodium and high potassium
may coexist with hyperthyroidism and diabetes mellitus
the brain cortex
the sacral cord
the lumbar cord
the hypothalamus
4 to 6
7 to 9
10 to 12
13 to 14
ejaculatory ducts
prostatic urethra
membranous urethra
bulbous urethra
central zone
peripheral zone
preprostatic tissue
anterior fibromuscular stroma
aldosterone
hypocalcemia
parathyroid hormone
vitamin D
cavernous nerves
dorsal nerves of the penis
sympathetic nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system
if PSA reading had exceeded 2.7 ng/ml over 12 months
if free PSA reading was less than 0.4 ng/ml
if total PSA reading was greater than 8 ng/ml
any of the above
increasing vaginal secretions
decreasing vaginal pH
increasing normal vaginal flora
decreasing bacterial adherence
hepatic toxicity
renal toxicity
neural toxicity
cardiac toxicity
central zone
peripheral zone
transitional zone
fibromuscular stroma