embolizing the non-target artery might occur
severe pain at the renal area could occur
complications depend on the embolic agent
reactive left pulmonary edema
D. reactive left pulmonary edema
ejaculatory duct
vas deferens
seminal vesicles
rectal wall
hypoechoic
hyperechoic
anechoic
isoechoic
the classic blue dot sign
thick, short, edematous spermatic cord
absence of intratesticular blood flow
increased epididymal blood flow
peripheral zone of the prostate
ejaculatory duct
tip of the right seminal vesicle
tip of the left lateral lobe of the prostate
RCC
metastases
angiomyolipoma
oncocytoma
MRI
CT
ultrasound
all are comparable
coning at the bulbar urethra is normal
segmental narrowing at bulbar urethra is normal
multiple round filling defects could be air bubbles
indicated in urethral trauma cases
epinephrine
atropine
hydrocortisone
antihistamine
prominent columns of Bertin
xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
lymphoma
renal infarction
seminoma
embryonal cell tumor
mixed germ cell tumor
epidermoid cyst
hydrocalicosis
extrarenal pelvis
parapelvic cyst
class 2 Bosniak renal cyst
bleeding angiomyolipomas
an alternative to nephrectomy in severe uncontrolled hypertension among patients with end-stage renal disease
renal artery aneurysms or symptomatic AV malformations
all of the above
DTPA provides better quality images with renal insufficiency
by giving captopril, MAG3 plasma clearance declines in hypertensive patients with renal artery stenosis but rises in those who do not have the disease
DTPA provides an excellent measurement of GFR
in pediatrics, MAG3 provides better quality images than DTPA
air
water
fat
bone
mechanical waves
radar waves
microwaves
radio waves
Its uptake by glomerular filtration is almost 100%
It helps evaluate cortical structure and morphology
It provides a static picture of kidneys when compared to MAG3
it binds to the sulfhydryl groups in proximal tubules resulting in much higher resolution pinhole SPECT imaging
forniceal rupture
drained renal pelvis
high urine output
acute obstruction
epididymal cysts
testicular tumors
renal stones
penile vasculature
DTPA
DMSA
gallium-67
MAG-3
grey-scale
simultaneous bilateral views
color Doppler
power Doppler
hippuran I-131
technetium-99m
gallium-67
indium-111labelled WBC
hyperechoic
hypoechoic
isoechoic
anechoic
unilateral hydrocele
bilateral varicocele
calcifications at the renal area on plain KUB film
painless hematuria
class 1
class 2
class 3
class 4
intratesticular hematoma
testicular abscess
orchitis
sex cord stromal tumors
preparation for donor nephrectomy
advanced RCC in the right kidney
renal artery stenosis
oncocytoma in the left kidney
extension of the tumor to the diaphragm
extension of the tumor to the right atrium
the density of calcifications
the amount and bilaterality of cysts formation
end-stage renal failure kidneys look small and hypoechoic
it is more accurate on diagnosing cystic lesions than solid masses
it is able to detect tumors as small as 2 mm
cortical carbuncle might be mistaken for hydronephrosis
an elimination T ½ < 10 minutes indicates obstructed system
the diuretic must be given at the maximum kidney activity
If ureteral stents are in place, the bladder catheter must be unclamped
99mTc-MAG3 is the agent of choice to study differential renal function and obstruction
embolizing the non-target artery might occur
severe pain at the renal area could occur
complications depend on the embolic agent
reactive left pulmonary edema