intratesticular hematoma
testicular abscess
orchitis
sex cord stromal tumors
B. testicular abscess
dark
intermediate
bright
none of the above
hydrocalicosis
extrarenal pelvis
parapelvic cyst
class 2 Bosniak renal cyst
embolizing the non-target artery might occur
severe pain at the renal area could occur
complications depend on the embolic agent
reactive left pulmonary edema
The higher the frequency, the deeper tissue penetration
The higher the frequency, the better the axial resolution
low-frequency transducers are of 6 to 10 MHz
the deeper tissue penetration, the better axial resolution
DTPA provides better quality images with renal insufficiency
by giving captopril, MAG3 plasma clearance declines in hypertensive patients with renal artery stenosis but rises in those who do not have the disease
DTPA provides an excellent measurement of GFR
in pediatrics, MAG3 provides better quality images than DTPA
evaluating a probable bladder rupture
evaluating a probable colovesical or vesicovaginal fistulae
evaluating a probable intravesical pathology
evaluating a probable bladder diverticula
hippuran I-131
technetium-99m
gallium-67
indium-111labelled WBC
epinephrine
atropine
hydrocortisone
antihistamine
DTPA
DMSA
gallium-67
MAG-3
ejaculatory duct
vas deferens
seminal vesicles
rectal wall
coning at the bulbar urethra is normal
segmental narrowing at bulbar urethra is normal
multiple round filling defects could be air bubbles
indicated in urethral trauma cases
MRI
CT
ultrasound
all are comparable
mechanical waves
radar waves
microwaves
radio waves
hyperechoic
hypoechoic
isoechoic
anechoic
epididymal cysts
testicular tumors
renal stones
penile vasculature
blood clot
fibro-epithelial polyp
sloughed renal papilla
all of the above
Its uptake by glomerular filtration is almost 100%
It helps evaluate cortical structure and morphology
It provides a static picture of kidneys when compared to MAG3
it binds to the sulfhydryl groups in proximal tubules resulting in much higher resolution pinhole SPECT imaging
RCC
metastases
angiomyolipoma
oncocytoma
obstruction of the upper urinary tract may increase renal pelvis pressure and delay or decrease pelvis peristaltic rates
measured by color Doppler flow mapping in transverse scans at the suprapubic region
patients with ureteral stents are the ideal
adequate hydration is necessary
can be mistaken for a ureteral stone
is a small single, usually spiky, calcification within a vein
the amount of phleboliths increases with age
appears more often on the left than on the right side of the pelvis
the classic blue dot sign
thick, short, edematous spermatic cord
absence of intratesticular blood flow
increased epididymal blood flow
malunion of lumbar and/or sacral vertebral bodies
pelvic bone diastasis
sacral agenesis
fracture of anterior pubic rami
preparation for donor nephrectomy
advanced RCC in the right kidney
renal artery stenosis
oncocytoma in the left kidney
bleeding angiomyolipomas
an alternative to nephrectomy in severe uncontrolled hypertension among patients with end-stage renal disease
renal artery aneurysms or symptomatic AV malformations
all of the above
class 1
class 2
class 3
class 4
peripheral zone of the prostate
ejaculatory duct
tip of the right seminal vesicle
tip of the left lateral lobe of the prostate
advanced prostatic cancer
central diabetes insipidus
pituitary adenoma
a & c
hypoechoic
hyperechoic
anechoic
isoechoic
0 minute
5 minutes
10 minutes
renal parenchyma does not appear on IVU
to evaluate ejaculatory duct obstruction in infertility case
to screen for prostate cancers
to take prostate biopsies
to place interstitial radiotherapy seeds