Cobalt
Nickel
Vanadium
Iron
A. Cobalt
Mainly ferrite
Mainly pearlite
Ferrite and pearlite
Pearlite and cementite
Improves wear resistance, cutting ability and toughness
Refines grain size and produces less tendency to carburisation, improves corrosion and heat resistant properties
Improves cutting ability and reduces hardenability
Gives ductility, toughness, tensile strength and anticorrosion properties
Contains 1.7 to 3.5% carbon in Free State and is obtained by the slow cooling of molten cast iron
Is also known as chilled cast iron and is obtained by cooling rapidly. It is almost unmachinable
Is produced by annealing process. It is soft, tough, and easily machined metal
Is produced by small additions of magnesium (or cerium) in the ladle. Graphite is in the nodular or spheroidal form and is well dispersed throughout the material
Is a ductile material
Can be easily forged or welded
Cannot stand sudden and excessive shocks
All of these
Duralumin
Y-alloy
Magnalium
Hindalium
Hot hardness
Toughness
Wear resistance
Sharp cutting edge
Sulphur
Phosphorus
Manganese
Silicon
0.5 to 1 %
1.2 %
2.5 to 4.5 %
5 to 7 %
Aluminium, copper etc.
Nickel, molybdenum etc.
Nickel, Copper, etc.
All of the above
Stainless steel
High speed steel
Invar
Heat resisting steel
Copper and zinc
Copper and tin
Copper, tin and zinc
None of these
Silica bricks
A mixture of tar and burnt dolomite bricks
Both (A) and (B)
None of these
0.1 to 0.5 %
0.5 to 1 %
1 to 5 %
5 to 10 %
0.05 %
0.15 %
0.3 %
0.5 %
Silver, copper, zinc
Silver, tin, nickel
Silver, lead, zinc
Silver, copper, aluminium
High machinability
Low melting point
High tensile strength
All of the above
Current
Voltage
Frequency
Temperature
Carburising
Normalising
Annealing
Tempering
In still air
Slowly in the furnace
Suddenly in a suitable cooling medium
Any one of these
Nickel
Vanadium
Cobalt
Molybdenum
Blackheart cast iron
White-heart cast iron
Both (A) and (B)
None of these
Chromium
Nickel
Vanadium
Cobalt
0.025 %
0.26 %
0.8 %
1.7 %
Controls the grade of pig iron
Acts as an iron bearing mineral
Supplies heat to reduce ore and melt the iron
Forms a slag by combining with impurities
Brass
Bronze
Gun metal
Muntz metal
Decrease
Increase
Remain constant
First increase and then decrease
Face centered cubic space lattice
Body centered cubic space lattice
Close packed hexagonal space lattice
None of these
Gamma iron (910° to 1400°C), Cu, Ag, Au, Al, Ni, Pb, Pt
Mg, Zn, Ti, Zr, Br, Cd
A iron (below 910°C and between 1400 to 1539°C), W
All of the above
Improvement of casting characteristics
Improvement of corrosion resistance
One of the best known age and precipitation hardening systems
Improving machinability
Improves wear resistance, cutting ability and toughness
Refines grain size and produces less tendency to carburisation, improves corrosion and heat resistant properties
Improves cutting ability and reduces hardenability
Gives ductility, toughness, tensile strength and anticorrosion properties