87.75% Sn, 4% Cu, 8% Sb, 0.25% Bi
90% Sn, 2% Cu, 4% Sb, 2% Bi, 2% Mg
87% Sn, 4% Cu, 8% Sb, 1% Al
82% Sn, 4% Cu, 8% Sb, 3% Al, 3% Mg
A. 87.75% Sn, 4% Cu, 8% Sb, 0.25% Bi
0.05 to 0.20 %
0.20 to 0.45 %
0.45 to 0.55 %
0.55 to 1.0 %
Core defects
Surface defects
Superficial defects
Temporary defects
Line defect
Surface defect
Point defect
None of these
Large surface wear
Elevated temperatures
Light load and pressure
High pressure and load
600 VPN
1500 VPN
1000 to 1100 VPN
250 VPN
Cold rolled into sheets
Drawn into wires
Formed into tube
Any one of these
Creep
Fatigue
Endurance
Plastic deformation
The product produced by blast-furnace is called cast iron
The pig iron is the name given to the product produced by cupola
The cast iron has high tensile strength
The chilled cast iron has no graphite
Dipping steel in cyanide bath
Reacting steel surface with cyanide salts
Adding carbon and nitrogen by heat treatment of steel to increase its surface hardness
Obtaining cyanide salts
Copper
Chromium
Nickel
Silicon
Grain growth, recrystallisation, stress relief
Stress relief, grain growth, recrystallisation
Stress relief, recrystallisation, grain growth
Grain growth, stress relief, recrystallisation
Amorphous material
Mesomorphous material
Crystalline material
None of these
50 : 50
30 : 70
70 : 30
40 : 60
Eutectic cast irons
Hypoeutectic cast irons
Hypereutectic cast irons
None of these
Promotes decarburisation
Provides high hot hardness
Forms very hard carbides and thus increases wear resistance
Promotes retention of austenite
Equal to
Less than
More than
None of these
Brittle
Hard
Ductile
Tough
Nickel
Chromium
Nickel and chromium
Sulphur, lead and phosphorus
0.1 to 0.3 %
0.3 to 0.6 %
0.6 to 0.8 %
0.8 to 1.5 %
Acts as deoxidiser
Reduces the grain size
Decreases tensile strength and hardness
Lowers the toughness and transverse ductility
Raw material for blast furnace
Product of blast furnace made by reduction of iron ore
Iron containing huge quantities of carbon
Iron in molten form in the ladles
Ferrite
Pearlite
Austenite
Ferrite and cementite
Mainly ferrite
Mainly pearlite
Ferrite and pearlite
Pearlite and cementite
87.75% Sn, 4% Cu, 8% Sb, 0.25% Bi
90% Sn, 2% Cu, 4% Sb, 2% Bi, 2% Mg
87% Sn, 4% Cu, 8% Sb, 1% Al
82% Sn, 4% Cu, 8% Sb, 3% Al, 3% Mg
70% copper and 30% zinc
90% copper and 10% tin
85 - 92% copper and rest tin with little lead and nickel
70 - 78% copper and rest tin
Below 723°C
770 to 910°C
910 to 1440°C
1400 to 1539°C
Increase
Decrease
Remain same
First increase and then decrease
35
57
710
1015
Elasticity
Plasticity
Ductility
Malleability
Contains 1.7 to 3.5% carbon in Free State and is obtained by the slow cooling of molten cast iron
Is also known as chilled cast iron is obtained by cooling rapidly. It is almost unmachinable
Is produced by annealing process. I is soft, tough and easily machined metal
Is produced by small additions o magnesium (or cerium) in the ladle Graphite is in nodular or spheroidal form and is well dispersed throughout the material