Marketing.
All spheres of marketing, operation and finance simultaneously.
Any or all spheres of marketing, operation and finance.
Finance only.
C. Any or all spheres of marketing, operation and finance.
relationships based on equality and informality.
authority being accepted without question.
managers being paternalistic.
tall organizations structure.
Hofstedes five cultural dimensions
Monochromatic vs polychromatic tune
Communication
Geography
holidays.
language.
role of women.
marketing practices.
High level of inequality of power and wealth within the society
Low level of inequality of power and wealth within the society
High level of Political corruption
Low level of Human development Index
Investment of a very high value.
Investment in shares.
Investors influence on the management of the enterprise.
Investment of low value.
in the order specified.
in any order.
in the order specified, but certain stages may be skipped.
automatic.
Encourage imports and exports
Encourage exports and discourage imports
Discourage imports
None of these
Economic system
Political system
Social System
Cultural Attitudes
EXIM Bank
World Bank
IMF
International Financial Bank
Male- female ratio in the country.
Society dominated by male members.
Society characterized by aggressive and materialistic behaviour.
War- ridden societies.
The licensor might provide access to some of its patents or trademarks
The licensor might provide access to technology
It might be used to avoid the risks of foreign involvement
All of the above
1992
1993
1995
1994
Identifying key competitive forces; identifying competitive position; identifying key opportunities, threats, strengths and weaknesses.
Auditing macro environmental influences; identifying key competitive forces; identifying competitive position; identifying key opportunities and threats.
Auditing external and organisational factors; identifying key competitive forces; identifying competitive position; identifying key opportunities and threats.
Assessing historical trends; auditing environmental dangers; identifying strategic capabilities; identifying competitive position.
LOW
MODERATE
HIGH
VERY HIGH
It assists in the assessment of organisational strengths and weaknesses.
It allows a detailed analysis of the structure of an industry.
It can be used as a checklist to understand the different environmental influences in the macro environment.
Takes an historical perspective on the main political, economic, sociocultural, technological, environmental and legal factors.
Proforma invoice
Purchase order
Sales contract
All the above
GLOBAL
TRANSNATIONAL
INTERNATIONAL
MULTI-DOMESTIC
FDI made by a group of firms.
FDI made in subsidiaries.
FDI made in similar products.
FDI made in unrelated products.
gross national income.
gross domestic product.
per capita gross national income.
per capita gross domestic product.
money supply.
money supply and interest rate.
money supply, interest rate and exchange rate.
credit creation by banks.
High level of inequality of power and wealth within the society
Normal Power and Wealth
High level of political corruption
Low level of Human Development Index
Government action, exchange rates, competition and sociodemographic factors.
Market convergence, competition, exchange rates and cost advantages.
Cost advantages, government action, economic cycles and competition.
Market, cost, competition and government policies.
Deferred credits
Transit credits
Instalment credits
Transferable credits
existence of traditional rule.
non existence of industries.
predominance of agriculture.
complete absence of literacy.
Greenfield FDI.
Acquisition.
Horizontal FDI.
Vertical FDI.
Asset seeking FDI.
Backward vertical FDI.
Forward vertical FDI.
Distribution FDI.
as a Greenfield venture.
to acquire an existing firm.
to have products marketed overseas.
to have management is overseas.
USA
INDIA
CHINA
BRAZIL
earn a greater return from their skills and core competencies
realize location economies where they can be performed most efficiently
realize greater experience curve economies, which reduces the cost of production
All the above
Place of origin of goods.
Special characteristics of the product associated with the place of origin.
Place and special characters of the product.
Place or special characters of the product.