Aluminium
Low carbon steel
Medium carbon steel
High carbon steel
C. Medium carbon steel
Low carbon steel
Medium carbon steel
High carbon steel
Alloy steel
Yield point increases
Ductility decreases
Ultimate tensile strength increases
All of these
Cobalt
Nickel
Vanadium
Iron
Below 723°C
770 to 910°C
910 to 1440°C
1400 to 1539°C
Delta metal
Monel metal
Constantan
Nichrome
Make the steel tougher and harder
Raise the yield point
Make the steel ductile and of good bending qualities
All of the above
Grey cast iron, low carbon steel, wrought iron
Low carbon steel, grey cast iron, wrought iron
Wrought iron, low carbon steel, grey cast iron
Wrought iron, grey cast iron, low carbon steel
Face centred cubic lattice
Body centred cubic lattice
Hexagonal close packed lattice
All of the above
Cast iron
Forged steel
Mild steel
High carbon steel
The points where no further change occurs
Constant for all metals
The points where there is no further flow of metal
The points of discontinuity
Austenite
Pearlite
Ferrite
Cementite
Pearlite
Ferrite
Cementite
Martensite
600°C
700°C
723°C
913°C
Hardness
Brittleness
Plasticity
Ductility
Removing the impurities like clay, sand etc. from the iron ore by washing with water
Expelling moisture, carbon dioxide, sulphur and arsenic from the iron ore by heating in shallow kilns
Reducing the ore with carbon in the presence of a flux
All of the above
Are used where ease in machining is the criterion
Contain carbon in free form
Require least cutting force
Do not exist
Zinc
Lead
Silver
Glass
70% copper and 30% zinc
90% copper and 10% tin
85 - 92% copper and rest tin with little lead and nickel
70 - 75% copper and rest tin
Tin, antimony, copper
Tin and copper
Tin and lead
Lead and zinc
0.025 %
0.26 %
0.8 %
1.7 %
Made by adding carbon in steel
Refined from cast iron
An alloy of iron and carbon with varying quantities of phosphorus and sulphur
Extensively used for making cutting tools
Purification of metal
Grain refinement
Working at lower temperature
All of the above
Sulphur, lead, phosphorous
Silicon, aluminium, titanium
Vanadium, aluminium
Chromium, nickel
Hard
Soft
Ductile
Tough
Weldability
Formability
Machinability
Hardenability
Does not effect
Lowers
Raises
None of these
Amorphous material
Mesomorphous material
Crystalline material
None of these
0.1 to 0.5 %
0.5 to 1 %
1 to 5 %
5 to 10 %
Increase
Decrease
Remain same
First increase and then decrease
Mainly ferrite
Mainly pearlite
Ferrite and pearlite
Pearlite and cementite