Cast iron
Forged steel
Mild steel
High carbon steel
D. High carbon steel
By forming a bulge
By shearing along oblique plane
In direction perpendicular to application of load
By crushing into thousands of pieces
Improvement of casting characteristics
Improvement of corrosion resistance
One of the best known age and precipitation hardening systems
Improving machinability
Chromium and nickel
Sulphur, phosphorus, lead
Vanadium, aluminium
Tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium, chromium
Compressive strength
Ductility
Carbon content
Hardness
70% copper and 30% zinc
90% copper and 10% tin
85 - 92% copper and rest tin with little lead and nickel
70 - 75% copper and rest tin
Low carbon steel
High carbon steel
Medium carbon steel
Chrome steel
Alpha iron, beta iron and gamma iron
Alpha iron and beta iron
Body centred cubic iron and face centred cubic iron
Alpha iron, gamma from and delta iron
Which are destroyed by burning
Which after their destruction are recycled to produce fresh steel
Which are deoxidised in the ladle with silicon and aluminium
In which carbon is completely burnt
High machinability
Low melting point
High tensile strength
All of the above
Increase
Decrease
Remain same
First increase and then decrease
Sulphur
Vanadium
Tin
Zinc
Zinc, magnesium, cobalt, cadmium, antimony and bismuth
Gamma-iron, aluminium, copper, lead, silver and nickel
Alpha-iron, tungsten, chromium and molybdenum
None of the above
50 : 50
40 : 60
60 : 40
20 : 80
Equal to
Less than
More than
None of these
Cast iron
Pig iron
Wrought iron
Malleable iron
There is no change in grain size
The average grain size is a minimum
The grain size increases very rapidly
The grain size first increases and then decreases very rapidly
Ductile
Malleable
Homogeneous
Anisotropic
Is less tough and has a greater tendency to distort during heat treatment
Is more ductile and has a less tendency to distort during heat treatment
Is less tough and has a less tendency to distort during heat treatment
Is more ductile and has a greater tendency to distort during heat treatment
Hardness
Brittleness
Plasticity
Ductility
Has a fixed structure under all conditions
Exists in several crystal forms at different temperatures
Responds to heat treatment
Has its atoms distributed in a random pattern
Ferrite and cementite
Cementite and gamma iron
Ferrite and austenite
Ferrite and iron graphite
Electroplating
Cyaniding
Induction hardening
Nitriding
Sulphur
Phosphorus
Manganese
Silicon
Tensile strength
Hardness
Ductility
Fluidity
Silicon
Sulphur
Manganese
Phosphorus
70% copper and 30% zinc
90% copper and 10% tin
85 - 92% copper and rest tin with little lead and nickel
70 - 75% copper and rest tin
50 : 20 : 20 : 10
40 : 30 : 20 : 10
50 : 20 : 10 : 20
30 : 20 : 30 : 20
50 : 50
30 : 70
70 : 30
40 : 60
Ferrite
Pearlite
Austenite
Ferrite and cementite
Silicon
Manganese
Carbon
Chromium