70% copper and 30% zinc
90% copper and 10% tin
85 - 92% copper and rest tin with little lead and nickel
70 - 75% copper and rest tin
A. 70% copper and 30% zinc
Lead base alloy
Tin base alloy
Copper base alloy
Both (A) and (C) above
There is no critical point
There is only one critical point
There are two critical points
There can be any number of critical points
Aluminium in steel results in excessive grain growth
Manganese in steel induces hardness
Nickel and chromium in steel helps in raising the elastic limit and improve the resilience and ductility
Tungsten in steels improves magnetic properties and hardenability
770°C
910°C
1050°C
Below recrystallisation temperature
3 m
6 m
9 m
12 m
RC 65
RC 48
RC 57
RC 80
Cementite
Free carbon
Flakes
Spheroids
Silver and some impurities
Refined silver
Nickel, Copper and zinc
Nickel and copper
Coordination number
Atomic packing factor
Space lattice
None of these
Improvement of casting characteristics
Improvement of corrosion resistance
One of the best known age and precipitation hardening systems
Improving machinability
Low carbon steel
High carbon steel
Medium carbon steel
Chrome steel
0.1 to 0.5
0.5 to 1
1 to 1.7
1.7 to 4.5
Aluminium, copper etc.
Nickel, molybdenum etc.
Nickel, Copper, etc.
All of the above
Nickel
Chromium
Tungsten
Vanadium
Brass
Bronze
Gun metal
Muntz metal
Creep
Fatigue
Endurance
Plastic deformation
Relieve the stresses set up in the material after hot or cold working
Modify the structure of the material
Change grain size
Any one of these
Copper
Chromium
Nickel
Silicon
70% copper and 30% zinc
90% copper and 10% tin
85 - 92% copper and rest tin with little lead and nickel
70 - 78% copper and rest tin
35
57
710
1015
High resistance to rusting and corrosion
High ductility
Ability of hold protective coating
Uniform strength in all directions
Improve machinability
Improve ductility
Improve toughness
Release stresses
Ferrite
Pearlite
Austenite
Ferrite and cementite
Hardening surface of work-piece to obtain hard and wear resistant surface
Heating and cooling rapidly
Increasing hardness throughout
Inducing hardness by continuous process
1% silver
2.5% silver
5% silver
10% silver
Cast iron
Pig iron
Wrought iron
Malleable iron
Stainless steel
High speed steel
Invar
Heat resisting steel
Body centred cubic space lattice
Face centred cubic space lattice
Close packed hexagonal space lattice
None of these
Cementite
Free graphite
Both A and B
None of these
Mild steel
Alloy steel
High carbon
Tungsten steel