gender
age
obstructing stone at left lower ureter
rhabdomyolysis
C. obstructing stone at left lower ureter
mechanical compression by the gravid uterus
physiological increase urine flow during pregnancy
elevated levels of progesterone
reflex inhibition of ureteral contractions
trauma to the prostate
digital rectal examination
urinary retention
prostatitis
programmed cell death
new vascular formation
uninhibited neural stimulation
premature muscular contraction
sixth
seventh
eighth
ninth
the prostate gland
seminal vesicles
epididymi
bulbourethral glands
sodium bicarbonate
phyto soya
ascorbic acid
sol palmetto
Serratia marcescens
Streptococcus pyogenes
Clostridium difficile
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
constriction of renal afferent arterioles
renin inhibition
aldosterone stimulation
rise in systemic blood pressure
from early morning urine sample
comparing urine and serum calcium at a given time
performing 24 urine collection
from a mid-stream urine sample
influenced by food and medications
renal stones form at the extremes of pH range
reliable only when measured by 24 hr. urine collection
ranges from 4 7
intimal fibroplasia
medial fibroplasia
medial hyperplasia
serosal hyperplasia
by increasing oxalate absorption
by heterogeneous nucleation
by inducing hyperoxaluria
by reducing urate crystals saturation
sympathetic to the medulla
parasympathetic to the medulla
sympathetic to the cortex
parasympathetic to the cortex
alkylating agents
phenothiazines
antiandrogens
prostaglandins
decrease plasma estradiol levels
increase plasma testosterone-estradiol-binding globulin levels
suppression of suprarenal androgens
exaggerated pituitary response to feedback hormones
occurs after acrosome reaction
entails removal of a glycoprotein layer
it is a biochemical event of sperm maturation
changes occur in the female genital tract
scattered radiation from the unleaded wall
scattered radiation from the patient
scattered radiation from the floor and ceiling
radiation from the primary beam
S1
S2-S4
T11-L2
L3-S1
adduction
abduction
flexion
extension
increase in sympathetic discharge
contraction of ischiocavernosa and bulbocavernosa muscles
increase arterial flow and closure of emissary veins
shunting of blood from the dorsal to the central cavernosal artery
hepatic toxicity
renal toxicity
neural toxicity
cardiac toxicity
at either side of the prostate
in the pubo-prostatic space
anterior to the seminal vesicles
posterior to the vaso-epididymal junction
superior vesical artery
inferior vesical artery
superior gluteal artery
inferior gluteal artery
malignancy is identified in patients presenting with microhematuria more than in patients presenting with gross hematuria
microscopic hematuria is defined as > 3 red blood cells per high powered field (RBC/hpf) on a single specimen
warrants full hematuria workup
history of cigarette smoking is of significance
obturator artery
midrectal artery
inferior vesical artery
pudendal artery
somatic innervations
sympathetic fibers from T11 - L2
the pudendal nerve
the obturator nerve
Ureaplasma urealyticum
Chlamydia trachomatis
E. coli
Neisseria gonorrhea
estradiol
DHT
FSH
testosterone
serum BUN : creatinine > 20
urine [Na] < 30 mEq/L
Na excretion fraction < 1
all of the above
gender
age
obstructing stone at left lower ureter
rhabdomyolysis