3.5 to 4.5% copper, 0.4 to 0.7% magnesium, 0.4 to 0.7% manganese and rest aluminium
3.5 to 4.5% copper, 1.2 to 1.7% manganese, 1.8 to 2.3% nickel, 0.6% each of silicon, magnesium and iron, and rest aluminium
4 to 4.5% magnesium, 3 to 4% copper and rest aluminium
5 to 6% tin, 2 to 3% copper and rest aluminium
A. 3.5 to 4.5% copper, 0.4 to 0.7% magnesium, 0.4 to 0.7% manganese and rest aluminium
0.1 to 0.5
0.5 to 1
1 to 1.7
1.7 to 4.5
Air is burning out silicon and manganese
Silicon and manganese has burnt and carbon has started oxidising
The converter must be titled to remove the contents of the converter
The brown smoke does not occur during the operation of a Bessemer converter
70% copper and 30% zinc
90% copper and 10% tin
85 - 92% copper and rest tin with little lead and nickel
70 - 75% copper and rest tin
Austenite
Martensite
Pearlite
Cementite
Tin, antimony, copper
Tin and copper
Tin and lead
Lead and zinc
Increase
Decrease
Remain same
First increase and then decrease
3.5 to 4.5% copper, 0.4 to 0.7% magnesium, 0.4 to 0.7% manganese and rest aluminium
3.5 to 4.5% copper, 1.2 to 1.7% manganese, 1.8 to 2.3% nickel, 0.6% each of silicon, magnesium and iron, and rest aluminium
4 to 4.5% magnesium, 3 to 4% copper and rest aluminium
5 to 6% tin, 2 to 3% copper and rest aluminium
Silver metal
Duralumin
Hastelloy
Invar
Chromium
Nickel
Vanadium
Manganese
Alpha iron, beta iron and gamma iron
Alpha iron and beta iron
Body centred cubic iron and face centred cubic iron
Alpha iron, gamma from and delta iron
There is no change in grain size
The average grain size is a minimum
The grain size increases very rapidly
The grain size first increases and then decreases very rapidly
Greater than 7
Less than 7
Equal to 7
pH value has nothing to do with neutral solution
1539°C
1601°C
1489°C
1712°C
Substitutional solid solution
Interstitial solid solution
Intermetallic compounds
All of the above
Removing the impurities like clay, sand etc. from the iron ore by washing with water
Expelling moisture, carbon dioxide, sulphur and arsenic from the iron ore by heating in shallow kilns
Reducing the ore with carbon in the presence of a flux
All of the above
Below 0.5 %
Below 1 %
Above 1 %
Above 2.2 %
Brass
Bronze
Gun metal
Muntz metal
No graphite
A very high percentage of graphite
A low percentage of graphite
Graphite as its basic constituent of composition
Duralumin
Brass
Copper
Silver
Modulus of elasticity is fairly low
Wear resistance is very good
Fatigue strength is not high
Creep strength limits its use to fairly low temperatures
B.C.C. crystalline structure
F.C.C. crystal structure
H.C.P. structure
A complex cubic structure
Cast iron
Mild steel
Nonferrous materials
Stainless steel
770°C
910°C
1050°C
Below recrystallisation temperature
70% copper and 30% zinc
90% copper and 10% tin
85 - 92% copper and rest tin with little lead and nickel
70 - 78% copper and rest tin
Sulphur
Vanadium
Tin
Zinc
Brass
Mild steel
Cast iron
Wrought iron
Substitutional solution
Interstitial solid solution
Intermetallic compounds
All of the above
Carburising process
Surface hardening process
Core hardening process
None of these
0.1 to 0.5 %
0.5 to 1 %
1 to 5 %
5 to 10 %
Soft and gives a coarse grained crystalline structure
Soft and gives a fine grained crystalline structure
Hard and gives a coarse grained crystalline structure
Hard and gives a fine grained crystalline structure