Cast iron
Pig iron
Wrought iron
Malleable iron
A. Cast iron
Babbitt metal
Monel metal
Nichrome
Phosphor bronze
Has a fixed structure under all conditions
Exists in several crystal forms at different temperatures
Responds to heat treatment
Has its atoms distributed in a random pattern
Relieve stresses
Harden steel slightly
Improve machining characteristic
Soften material
White metal
Solder admiralty
Fusible metal
Phosphor bronze
Improves wear resistance, cutting ability and toughness
Refines grain size and produces less tendency to carburisation, improve corrosion and heat resistant proper ties
Improves cutting ability and reduce hardenability
Gives ductility, toughness, tensile strength and anti corrosion property
Hard
Soft
Tough
Hard and tough
Cast iron
Pig iron
Wrought iron
Malleable iron
Nickel, chromium and manganese
Tungsten, molybdenum and phosphorous
Lead, tin, aluminium
Zinc, sulphur, and chromium
400°C to 600°C
600°C to 900°C
900°C to 1400°C
1400°C to 1530°C
Calcined ore (8 parts), coke (4 parts) and limestone (1 part)
Calcined ore (4 parts), coke (1 part) and limestone (8 parts)
Calcined ore (1 part), coke (8 parts) and limestone (4 parts)
Calcined ore, coke and limestone all in equal parts
Hearth
Stack
Bosh
Throat
Malleability
Ductility
Surface finish
Damping characteristics
Duralumin
Brass
Copper
Silver
94% aluminium, 4% copper and 0.5% Mn, Mg, Si and Fe
92.5% aluminium, 4% copper, 2% nickel, and 1.5% Mg
10% aluminium and 90% copper
90% magnesium and 9% aluminium with some copper
0.2 %
0.5 %
0.8 %
1.0 %
Silver metal
Duralumin
Hastelloy
Invar
Flywheel of steam engine
Cast iron pipes
Cycle chains
Gas turbine blades
0.025 %
0.06 %
0.1 %
0.25 %
Zinc, magnesium, cobalt, cadmium, antimony and bismuth
Gamma-iron, aluminium, copper, lead, silver and nickel
Alpha-iron, tungsten, chromium and molybdenum
None of the above
0.1 to 1.2%
1.5 to 2.5%
2.5 to 4%
4 to 4.5%
0.2 %
0.8 %
1.3 %
2 %
Nickel
Chromium
Nickel and chromium
Sulphur, lead and phosphorus
400° to 700°C
800°C to 1000°C
1200°C to 1300°C
1500°C to 1700°C
0.05 %
0.15 %
0.3 %
0.5 %
Paramagnetic
Ferromagnetic
Ferroelectric
Dielectric
Low carbon steel
High carbon steel
Medium carbon steel
Chrome steel
Ductile material
Malleable material
Brittle material
Tough material
Improves wear resistance, cutting ability and toughness
Refines grain size and produces less tendency to carburisation, improves corrosion and heat resistant properties
Improves cutting ability and reduces hardenability
Gives ductility, toughness, tensile strength and anticorrosion properties
Sulphur, lead, phosphorous
Silicon, aluminium, titanium
Vanadium, aluminium
Chromium, nickel
Vanadium 4%, chromium 18% and tungsten 1%
Vanadium 1%, chromium 4% and tungsten 18%
Vanadium 18%, chromium 1% and tungsten 4%
None of the above