A. autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)

B. developmental cystic renal disease

C. inherited cystic renal disease

D. systemic disease with associated renal cysts

A. the central scar on CT or MRI, and the spoke-wheel pattern of vessels on angiograms are not specific to oncocytoma

B. calcification, necrosis, and hemorrhage are rare in oncocytomas

C. it is thought to arise from the basement membrane of proximal convoluted tubules

D. treatment is partial nephrectomy or tumor excision

A. mutations in the MCKD1 (chromosome 1q21) gene

B. mutations in the MCKD2 (chromosome 16q12) gene

C. inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion

D. all of the above

A. . Metastatic tumors to the kidney are common from all of the following organs, EXCEPT:

B. lungs

C. thyroid

D. breasts

A. most classic AMLs eventually undergo malignant transformation to sarcomatoid and epithelioid AML

B. the preferred treatment is nephroureterectomy followed by active surveillance

C. angiographic embolization and/or nephron-sparing surgery is advised for symptomatic AMLs greater than 4 cm

D. extra-renal sites include the pancreas, salivary glands, and thyroids

A. chest X-ray and abdominal ultrasonography every 3 months for the first year, and then annually for 3 years

B. annual chest X-ray for 3 years

C. abdominal and chest CT every 6 months for the first year, and then annually for 3 years

D. no radiological examination required

A. papillary RCC

B. renal metastases

C. renal oncocytoma

D. renal xanthogranuloma

A. never

B. unlikely

C. likely

D. always

A. never

B. unlikely

C. likely

D. always

A. ARPKD accounts for 5% of ESRD in children

B. more than one-half of patients with ARPKD require kidney transplant before age 20 years

C. ADPKD is a common cause of ESRD

D. uncommonly, juvenile nephronophthisis causes ESRD in children

A. . What is false concerning imaging studies for preoperative evaluation of RCC case?

B. in case of bone pain or elevated serum calcium and/or alkaline phosphatase levels, an isotopic bone scan is required

C. renal arteriography accurately localizes central scaring and tumor necrosis

D. trans-esophageal echocardiography helps assess vena caval and right atrial tumor thrombi

A. glomerulocystic kidney disease (GCKD)

B. Juvenile nephronophthisis (JNPHP)

C. medullary cystic kidney disease

D. all of the above

A. physically active patients with good performance status

B. extirpation of the primary tumor

C. long disease-free interval between initial nephrectomy and the emergence of secondaries

D. all of the above

A. . In RCC, ipsilateral adrenal metastasis occurs in:

B. 0.3 - 2%

C. 2 - 10%

D. 11 - 18%

A. 80%

B. 85%

C. 90%

D. 95%

A. progress to ESRD in the sixth decade of life

B. hypertension is seen in 80% of patients with ADPKD aged 20-34 years

C. aortic valve stenosis in 25%

D. manifestations are more significant in patients with the PKD2 genotype

A. RCC occurs in < 5% of patients with tuberous sclerosis

B. in glomerulocystic kidney disease, renal tumors are typically solitary, large, with central necrosis

C. in Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, renal tumors are frequently bilateral and multicentric

D. in acquired cystic disease, tumors are commonly bilateral, and metastatic in 15% of cases

A. radiographically, it is indistinguishable from RCC

B. has a female predominance

C. has a benign clinical course

D. has a peak incidence in the third decade of life

A. . The second most common RCC subtype is:

B. collecting duct b. clear cell

C. papillary

D. chromophobe

A. . What is the most common histologic subtype of renal sarcomas?

B. rhabdomyosarcoma

C. nephrosarcoma

D. leiomyosarcoma

A. autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease

B. autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

C. multicystic dysplastic kidney disease

D. juvenile nephronophthisis

A. renal oncocytoma

B. multiloculated cystic nephromas

C. metanephric adenoma

D. adenoma with clear cell

A. acquired cystic renal disease

B. juvenile nephronophthisis

C. medullary sponge kidney

D. bilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney

A. papillary subtype of RCC has a tendency to multifocality

B. chromosome 13 alterations are common in the development of clear cell renal carcinoma

C. a solid mass on CT that enhances more than 15 HU is suggestive of RCC

D. bilateral involvement in RCC either synchronously or metachronously occurs in 2% to 4% of patients

A. . What is false concerning targeted molecular therapy?

B. is a personalized medical therapy devised to meet each persons individual needs for cancer`s specifications

C. treats cancer by interrupting unique molecular abnormalities that drive cancer growth

D. some cancer types have different molecular targets

A. cyst aspiration and sclerosis

B. partial nephrectomy

C. endoscopic marsupialization and fulguration of the cyst

D. administration of TKIs

A. . Manifestations of paraneoplastic syndrome associated with RCC include all of the following, EXCEPT:

B. anemia and erythrocytosis

C. hepatic dysfunction and elevated human chorionic gonadotropin levels

D. hypocalcemia

A. multiloculated cystic nephromas

B. angiomyolipoma

C. metanephric adenoma

D. adenoma with clear cell

A. autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)

B. developmental cystic renal disease

C. inherited cystic renal disease

D. systemic disease with associated renal cysts

A. most lesions ≤ 4 cm are asymptomatic

B. renal masses with fat content is pathognomonic for AML

C. renal biopsy from AML carries a high risk of hemorrhage

D. may coexist with malignant lesions, such as sarcomas and RCCs

A. right hydrocele

B. left varicocele

C. painless hematuria

D. hypertension