A. acquired cystic renal disease

B. juvenile nephronophthisis

C. medullary sponge kidney

D. bilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney

A. acquired cystic renal disease

B. juvenile nephronophthisis

C. medullary sponge kidney

D. bilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney

A. . What is an indication for radical nephrectomy?

B. a 6-cm, polar tumor

C. bilateral RCC

D. locally advanced RCC

A. progress to ESRD in the sixth decade of life

B. hypertension is seen in 80% of patients with ADPKD aged 20-34 years

C. aortic valve stenosis in 25%

D. manifestations are more significant in patients with the PKD2 genotype

A. male gender

B. hypertension

C. renal insufficiency

D. all of the above

A. type II DM, especially in males

B. hypertension

C. obesity, especially in females

D. cigarette smoking

A. at autopsy

B. by staining positive for human melanoma black (HMB)-45

C. by fine-needle aspiration cytology

D. by exclusion

A. . What is false concerning targeted molecular therapy?

B. is a personalized medical therapy devised to meet each persons individual needs for cancer`s specifications

C. treats cancer by interrupting unique molecular abnormalities that drive cancer growth

D. some cancer types have different molecular targets

A. they follow a benign clinical course

B. they have a bimodal age distribution

C. they are more common in men than in women

D. none of the above

A. glomerulocystic kidney disease

B. developmental cystic renal disease

C. Juvenile nephronophthisis

D. medullary cystic kidney disease

A. autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)

B. developmental cystic renal disease

C. inherited cystic renal disease

D. systemic disease with associated renal cysts

A. never

B. unlikely

C. likely

D. always

A. right hydrocele

B. left varicocele

C. painless hematuria

D. hypertension

A. . In RCC, ipsilateral adrenal metastasis occurs in:

B. 0.3 - 2%

C. 2 - 10%

D. 11 - 18%

A. chest X-ray and abdominal ultrasonography every 3 months for the first year, and then annually for 3 years

B. annual chest X-ray for 3 years

C. abdominal and chest CT every 6 months for the first year, and then annually for 3 years

D. no radiological examination required

A. . What is false regarding radical nephrectomy operation?

B. nodal involvement doesn`t influence prognosis

C. renal artery should be ligated before the vein to avoid kidney ballooning

D. cardiopulmonary bypass with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest is performed in patients with supra-diaphragmatic tumor thrombi

A. the central scar on CT or MRI, and the spoke-wheel pattern of vessels on angiograms are not specific to oncocytoma

B. calcification, necrosis, and hemorrhage are rare in oncocytomas

C. it is thought to arise from the basement membrane of proximal convoluted tubules

D. treatment is partial nephrectomy or tumor excision

A. RCC occurs in < 5% of patients with tuberous sclerosis

B. in glomerulocystic kidney disease, renal tumors are typically solitary, large, with central necrosis

C. in Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, renal tumors are frequently bilateral and multicentric

D. in acquired cystic disease, tumors are commonly bilateral, and metastatic in 15% of cases

A. is > 90% in Bosniak type IV renal cysts

B. in patients receiving renal transplants for polycystic kidney disease is 48% higher than that expected in the general population

C. all of the above

D. simple renal cysts might turn malignant in < 4% of cases

A. papillary RCC

B. renal metastases

C. renal oncocytoma

D. renal xanthogranuloma

A. adenoma with clear cell

B. papillary adenoma

C. metanephric adenoma

D. none of the above

A. most classic AMLs eventually undergo malignant transformation to sarcomatoid and epithelioid AML

B. the preferred treatment is nephroureterectomy followed by active surveillance

C. angiographic embolization and/or nephron-sparing surgery is advised for symptomatic AMLs greater than 4 cm

D. extra-renal sites include the pancreas, salivary glands, and thyroids

A. glomerulocystic kidney disease (GCKD)

B. Juvenile nephronophthisis (JNPHP)

C. medullary cystic kidney disease

D. all of the above

A. abdominal CT

B. chest X-ray

C. renal function test

D. liver function test

A. autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease

B. autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

C. multicystic dysplastic kidney disease

D. juvenile nephronophthisis

A. papillary subtype of RCC has a tendency to multifocality

B. chromosome 13 alterations are common in the development of clear cell renal carcinoma

C. a solid mass on CT that enhances more than 15 HU is suggestive of RCC

D. bilateral involvement in RCC either synchronously or metachronously occurs in 2% to 4% of patients

A. mutations in the MCKD1 (chromosome 1q21) gene

B. mutations in the MCKD2 (chromosome 16q12) gene

C. inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion

D. all of the above

A. 70 - 85%

B. 55 - 70%

C. 40 - 55%

D. 25 - 40%

A. is the first and most reliable radiologic examination to study IVC thrombi

B. is reserved for patients with equivocal MRI or CT findings

C. is obsolete and has fallen out of use

D. carries a risk of IVC terrible bleeding that outweighs the diagnostic merits

A. clear cell

B. chromophobe

C. papillary

D. renal medullary

A. < - 10 HU

B. < - 20 HU

C. < 10 HU

D. < 20 HU