What is (are) true regarding the etiology of medullary cystic kidney disease (MCKD)?
mutations in the MCKD1 (chromosome 1q21) gene
mutations in the MCKD2 (chromosome 16q12) gene
inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion
all of the above
Correct Answer :
D. all of the above
self-explanatory.
Related Questions
d. CT can detect renal vein involvement in 82-95% of cases and vena caval involvement in 95-100% of cases
. In RCC, ipsilateral adrenal metastasis occurs in:
0.3 - 2%
2 - 10%
11 - 18%
What type of renal adenomas is a precursor to papillary RCC?
adenoma with clear cell
papillary adenoma
metanephric adenoma
none of the above
Antenatal sonography is the diagnostic tool for the following condition:
glomerulocystic kidney disease
developmental cystic renal disease
Juvenile nephronophthisis
medullary cystic kidney disease
The diagnosis of renal adenoma is commonly made:
at autopsy
by staining positive for human melanoma black (HMB)-45
by fine-needle aspiration cytology
by exclusion
According to Fuhrmans classification system for nuclear grading in RCC, nuclear size of 20 μg with irregular outline and prominent nucleoli is grade:
1
2
3
4
Which RCC subtype is most likely to benefit from targeted molecular therapy?
clear cell
chromophobe
papillary
renal medullary
What is false concerning renal cancers?
papillary subtype of RCC has a tendency to multifocality
chromosome 13 alterations are common in the development of clear cell renal carcinoma
a solid mass on CT that enhances more than 15 HU is suggestive of RCC
bilateral involvement in RCC either synchronously or metachronously occurs in 2% to 4% of patients
What is the most common cause of genetic ESRD in children?
autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
multicystic dysplastic kidney disease
juvenile nephronophthisis
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for RCC?
type II DM, especially in males
hypertension
obesity, especially in females
cigarette smoking
d. 19 - 26%
. What is false regarding radical nephrectomy operation?
nodal involvement doesn`t influence prognosis
renal artery should be ligated before the vein to avoid kidney ballooning
cardiopulmonary bypass with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest is performed in patients with supra-diaphragmatic tumor thrombi
After radical nephrectomy, what is the 5-year survival rate for stage I RCC?
80%
85%
90%
95%
d. all of the above
. What is the most common histologic subtype of renal sarcomas?
rhabdomyosarcoma
nephrosarcoma
leiomyosarcoma
Inherited renal cystic disease(s) include(s) the following:
glomerulocystic kidney disease (GCKD)
Juvenile nephronophthisis (JNPHP)
medullary cystic kidney disease
all of the above
After radical nephrectomy for organ-confined RCC, what is (are) the recommended surveillance radiologic examination(s)?
chest X-ray and abdominal ultrasonography every 3 months for the first year, and then annually for 3 years
annual chest X-ray for 3 years
abdominal and chest CT every 6 months for the first year, and then annually for 3 years
no radiological examination required
What is false regarding multiloculated cystic nephromas?
they follow a benign clinical course
they have a bimodal age distribution
they are more common in men than in women
none of the above
Regarding simple renal cysts, fluid attenuation on non-contrast CT series is:
< - 10 HU
< - 20 HU
< 10 HU
< 20 HU
What type of Bosniak renal cysts accompanies tumor masses in 5% of cases?
I
II
III
IV
What is false concerning renal malignancy?
RCC occurs in < 5% of patients with tuberous sclerosis
in glomerulocystic kidney disease, renal tumors are typically solitary, large, with central necrosis
in Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, renal tumors are frequently bilateral and multicentric
in acquired cystic disease, tumors are commonly bilateral, and metastatic in 15% of cases
Which of the following conditions carries the worst prognosis?
acquired cystic renal disease
juvenile nephronophthisis
medullary sponge kidney
bilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney
On histological examination of a resected renal tumor, positive staining for human melanoma black (HMB)-45 is a distinctive and diagnostic feature for:
multiloculated cystic nephromas
angiomyolipoma
metanephric adenoma
adenoma with clear cell
In renal mass(es), the main indication to take a renal biopsy is the suspicion of:
papillary RCC
renal metastases
renal oncocytoma
renal xanthogranuloma
What is the likelihood that Bosniak type III renal cysts accompany malignant masses?
never
unlikely
likely
always
What is true regarding ADPKD patients?
progress to ESRD in the sixth decade of life
hypertension is seen in 80% of patients with ADPKD aged 20-34 years
aortic valve stenosis in 25%
manifestations are more significant in patients with the PKD2 genotype
In a localized RCC, local recurrence after tumor ablation therapy is managed by any of the following options, EXCEPT:
repeat ablation
active surveillance
salvage surgery
radical nephrectomy
What is the likelihood that simple renal cysts increase in size and number over time?
never
unlikely
likely
always
On ultrasonography, what are the percentages of incidentally discovered renal masses that will later be malignant on further workup?
70 - 85%
55 - 70%
40 - 55%
25 - 40%
Fuhrmans grading system for renal cell carcinoma relies on:
nuclear size, outline, and nucleoli
cohesiveness and the degree of cellular atypia
chromatin structure and content of the interphase nucleus
multinucleation and mitosis
What is (are) true regarding the etiology of medullary cystic kidney disease (MCKD)?
mutations in the MCKD1 (chromosome 1q21) gene
mutations in the MCKD2 (chromosome 16q12) gene
inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion
all of the above
What can NOT be a manifestation of a renal tumor?
right hydrocele
left varicocele
painless hematuria
hypertension
What is the proper terminology of a renal cyst with the following characteristics: well-marginated, anechoic, with thin visible back wall, positive posterior acoustic enhancement, no septations, and no calcifications?
hyperattenuating renal cyst
solitary renal cyst
uncomplicated renal cyst
focal renal cyst