glomerulocystic kidney disease (GCKD)
Juvenile nephronophthisis (JNPHP)
medullary cystic kidney disease
all of the above
D. all of the above
margin status and grade
tumor size
tumor stage
the time interval between the tumor emergence and excision
. The second most common RCC subtype is:
collecting duct b. clear cell
papillary
chromophobe
. What is an indication for radical nephrectomy?
a 6-cm, polar tumor
bilateral RCC
locally advanced RCC
progress to ESRD in the sixth decade of life
hypertension is seen in 80% of patients with ADPKD aged 20-34 years
aortic valve stenosis in 25%
manifestations are more significant in patients with the PKD2 genotype
fibrosarcoma
leiomyosarcoma
carcinoid
adult Wilm`s tumor
is > 90% in Bosniak type IV renal cysts
in patients receiving renal transplants for polycystic kidney disease is 48% higher than that expected in the general population
all of the above
simple renal cysts might turn malignant in < 4% of cases
renal oncocytoma
multiloculated cystic nephromas
metanephric adenoma
adenoma with clear cell
. What is false concerning imaging studies for preoperative evaluation of RCC case?
in case of bone pain or elevated serum calcium and/or alkaline phosphatase levels, an isotopic bone scan is required
renal arteriography accurately localizes central scaring and tumor necrosis
trans-esophageal echocardiography helps assess vena caval and right atrial tumor thrombi
never
unlikely
likely
always
autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)
developmental cystic renal disease
inherited cystic renal disease
systemic disease with associated renal cysts
papillary subtype of RCC has a tendency to multifocality
chromosome 13 alterations are common in the development of clear cell renal carcinoma
a solid mass on CT that enhances more than 15 HU is suggestive of RCC
bilateral involvement in RCC either synchronously or metachronously occurs in 2% to 4% of patients
70 - 85%
55 - 70%
40 - 55%
25 - 40%
acquired cystic renal disease
juvenile nephronophthisis
medullary sponge kidney
bilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney
physically active patients with good performance status
extirpation of the primary tumor
long disease-free interval between initial nephrectomy and the emergence of secondaries
all of the above
RCC occurs in < 5% of patients with tuberous sclerosis
in glomerulocystic kidney disease, renal tumors are typically solitary, large, with central necrosis
in Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, renal tumors are frequently bilateral and multicentric
in acquired cystic disease, tumors are commonly bilateral, and metastatic in 15% of cases
type II DM, especially in males
hypertension
obesity, especially in females
cigarette smoking
hepatic cysts are the most common extra-renal manifestation
might experience cyst hemorrhage, renal infection, or nephrolithiasis
typically, complain of flank pain or intermittent hematuria in the early twenties
hypertension and CRF commonly occur in the fifth decade of life
glomerulocystic kidney disease
developmental cystic renal disease
Juvenile nephronophthisis
medullary cystic kidney disease
papillary RCC
renal metastases
renal oncocytoma
renal xanthogranuloma
most classic AMLs eventually undergo malignant transformation to sarcomatoid and epithelioid AML
the preferred treatment is nephroureterectomy followed by active surveillance
angiographic embolization and/or nephron-sparing surgery is advised for symptomatic AMLs greater than 4 cm
extra-renal sites include the pancreas, salivary glands, and thyroids
radiographically, it is indistinguishable from RCC
has a female predominance
has a benign clinical course
has a peak incidence in the third decade of life
the quality of the kidney and renal function prior to surgery
the quantity of vascularized parenchymal mass preserved after excision
the tumor
warm ischemia time
. What is the relapse rate for completely resected RCC after radical nephrectomy?
1- 10%
10 - 20%
20 - 30%
most lesions ≤ 4 cm are asymptomatic
renal masses with fat content is pathognomonic for AML
renal biopsy from AML carries a high risk of hemorrhage
may coexist with malignant lesions, such as sarcomas and RCCs
they follow a benign clinical course
they have a bimodal age distribution
they are more common in men than in women
none of the above
is the first and most reliable radiologic examination to study IVC thrombi
is reserved for patients with equivocal MRI or CT findings
is obsolete and has fallen out of use
carries a risk of IVC terrible bleeding that outweighs the diagnostic merits
20%
30%
40%
50%
never
unlikely
likely
always
. Manifestations of paraneoplastic syndrome associated with RCC include all of the following, EXCEPT:
anemia and erythrocytosis
hepatic dysfunction and elevated human chorionic gonadotropin levels
hypocalcemia
adenoma with clear cell
papillary adenoma
metanephric adenoma
none of the above