Gold Theory
Ricardo Theory
Mercantilism
H .O. THEORY
C. Mercantilism
1992
1993
1995
1994
Services supplied from one country to another cross border supply
Transaction of goods across the border Export Import
Individuals traveling from own country to supply services in another presence of natural persons.
Consumers/firms making use of a service in another country consumption abroad.
Ohilin-Hecksher
FY Taylor
Richardo
Porter
Culture is enduring.
Culture is changing.
Culture is evolved among the members of a society.
Culture is determined by national boundaries.
Identifying key competitive forces; identifying competitive position; identifying key opportunities, threats, strengths and weaknesses.
Auditing macro environmental influences; identifying key competitive forces; identifying competitive position; identifying key opportunities and threats.
Auditing external and organisational factors; identifying key competitive forces; identifying competitive position; identifying key opportunities and threats.
Assessing historical trends; auditing environmental dangers; identifying strategic capabilities; identifying competitive position.
as a Greenfield venture.
to acquire an existing firm.
to have products marketed overseas.
to have management is overseas.
The World War I
The World War II
The Establishment of GATT
In 1913 when GDP was high
Can earn a return on knowledge asset
Will not create a competitor
Tight control of operations
All the above
Profit will be less.
Size of investment will be high.
Lesser control in management.
Delay in establishment.
The extent to which an individual can move the strata to which he/she belongs.
The promptness with which an individual accepts foreign assignments.
The extent to which inter- caste marriage is encouraged by the society.
The extent to which the society as a whole shifts its habitat.
USA
INDIA
CHINA
BRAZIL
Direct payments to farmers are permitted.
Indirect assistance and support to farmers including R & D support by govt. are not permitted.
Domestic policies which directly effect on production and trade have to be cut back.
Least developed countries do not need to make any cuts.
EXIM Bank
World Bank
IMF
International Financial Bank
includes written communication.
has no place in international business.
includes body language.
should be learnt by business managers to communicate with foreigners.
different currencies
product quality
product mobility
trade policies
Government
Organized Trade union
Factor Conditions
Demand Conditions
Measures that lead to restrictions in quantities.
Discouraging measures that limit a companys imports
Discouraging measures that limit a companys exports.
ALL OF THE ABOVE
Develop a long term view of strategy.
Build plausible views of different possible futures and develop a long term view of strategy.
Identify key drivers of change.
Develop a view of an environment which has a high degree of uncertainty, build plausible views of different possible futures and take a long term view of strategy.
Global business.
Multinational business.
Transnational business.
Multi-regional business.
Imports
Exports
Imports and Exports
All of the above
It assists in the assessment of organisational strengths and weaknesses.
It allows a detailed analysis of the structure of an industry.
It can be used as a checklist to understand the different environmental influences in the macro environment.
Takes an historical perspective on the main political, economic, sociocultural, technological, environmental and legal factors.
credit risk.
political risk.
financial risk.
business risk.
It will be detailed.
It will be shorter and less specific.
It will provide less severe damages.
It will be in detail.
Shared belief of top managers about how they should manage themselves and their employees
Shared code of ethics and other commonalities shared by members of a given group
Both (a) and (c)
None of the above
Conciliation.
Arbitration.
Negotiations.
Conciliation and arbitration.
Performa invoice
Purchase order
Sales contact
None of the above
Services supplied from one country to another cross border supply
Transaction of goods across the border Export Import
Individuals traveling from own country to supply services in another presence of natural persons.
Consumers/firms making use of a service in another country consumption abroad
gross national income.
gross domestic product.
per capita gross national income.
per capita gross domestic product.
Licensing
Exporting
Wholly owned subsidiaries
Foreign Direct Investment
Competitive theory
Porters Diamond Model
Theory of Mercantilism
Product life cycle theory