What are the posterior relations of the kidneys?
quadratus lumborum and diaphragm
psoas and diaphragm
psoas and latissimus dorsi
transversus abdominus and paraspinous
Correct Answer :
A. quadratus lumborum and diaphragm
self-explanatory.
Related Questions
What causes ureteral dilation during pregnancy is:
mechanical compression by the gravid uterus
physiological increase urine flow during pregnancy
elevated levels of progesterone
reflex inhibition of ureteral contractions
In utero, which hormone stimulates the development of Wolffian ducts?
estradiol
DHT
FSH
testosterone
Which of the prostate medications could result in significant hypotension?
finasteride
prazosin
silodosin
vardenafil
Which drug does NOT result in urinary retention?
terazosin, antihypertensive
benzodiazepines, psychotropic medicine
levodopa, anti-Parkinsonism medicine
brimonidine, glaucoma eye drops
Which of the prostate medications could result in retrograde ejaculation?
tamsulosin
doxazosin
dutasteride
alfuzosin
In which organelle in Leydig cell does testosterone synthesis take place?
ribosome
mitochondria
Golgi apparatus
endoplasmic reticulum
Which hormone measures testicular germ cell function best?
LH
FSH
HCG
none of the above
The commonest neoplasms that metastasize to kidneys come from:
breasts
thyroids
lungs
liver
Hematuria of glomerular origin is associated with:
significant proteinuria, dysmorphic RBCs, RBC casts
glycosuria, eumorphic RBCs, WBC casts
hypercalciuria, eumorphic RBCs, granular casts
proteinuria, dysmorphic RBCs, hyaline casts
Regarding multicystic kidneys, at what age does the compensatory renal growth end?
at birth
2 years
at puberty
none of the above
At which condition is alpha-fetoprotein most frequently elevated?
infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast
seminoma
hepatocellular carcinoma
malignant melanoma
Which of the following is (are) direct branch(es) of the abdominal aorta?
median sacral artery
inferior phrenic arteries
gonadal arteries
all of the above
Branches of what artery travel under the endopelvic fascia form the prostate to the sidewall of the pelvis?
obturator artery
midrectal artery
inferior vesical artery
pudendal artery
What is false concerning PSA molecule?
the free form of PSA exists in small proportions in the body, and found mainly in BPH and in the ejaculate
α1- anti chymotrypsin binds to 3 epitopes of the PSA molecule to form a complexed PSA
α2- macroglobulin binds to 5 epitopes of the PSA molecule to form a complexed PSA
the purified PSA molecule has a molecular weight of 90 kDa
During fluoroscopy, what is the main source of radiation hazards that urologists could be exposed to?
scattered radiation from the unleaded wall
scattered radiation from the patient
scattered radiation from the floor and ceiling
radiation from the primary beam
To which region does pain, from the left mid ureter, refer to?
the loin region
the inguinal region
the umbilical region
the penis or clitoris
Which action of thigh muscles could be impaired if the obturator nerve was injured during endoscopic resection of bladder tumors?
adduction
abduction
flexion
extension
In males, which of the following structure(s) can NOT be palpated during digital rectal examination?
pelvic floor muscles
seminal vesicles
anterior surface of the sacrum
median lobe of the prostate
Which type of urinary casts are solidified TammHorsfall mucoproteins secreted from the tubular epithelial cells of individual nephrons?
granular
hyaline
waxy
pigment
What type of renal tubular acidosis (RTA) does demonstrate aldosterone resistance?
type 1
type 2
type 3
type 4
What is the most likely cause of large scrotal hematoma in neonates?
clotting factor VIII deficiency
clotting factor IX deficiency
breech delivery
scrotal cavernous haemangioma
In utero, which hormone stimulates the development of the prostate gland?
estradiol
DHT
FSH
testosterone
What is the nature of the prostate-specific antigen?
protease
lyase
carboxylase
hydrolase
What is false about purple urine bag syndrome?
occurs due to the interaction between the chemical components of the urine and polyvinyl chloride material in the urine bag
it is commonly symptomless
more common in female nursing home residents
commonly implicated bacteria are K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, E. coli
At which type of renal tubular acidosis (RTA), typically, potassium levels increase?
type 1
type 2
type 3
type 4
Which of the following is false regarding Addison`s disease?
autoimmune disease in 70% of the cases
diagnosed by the rapid ACTH stimulation test
characterized by low serum sodium and high potassium
may coexist with hyperthyroidism and diabetes mellitus
Which medicine(s) might enhance hypoprothrombinemic effect on oral anticoagulants?
allopurinol
aminoglycosides
cimetidine
all of the above
Which statement is false concerning microhematuria?
malignancy is identified in patients presenting with microhematuria more than in patients presenting with gross hematuria
microscopic hematuria is defined as > 3 red blood cells per high powered field (RBC/hpf) on a single specimen
warrants full hematuria workup
history of cigarette smoking is of significance
What is the best method to evaluate calcium levels in the urine?
from early morning urine sample
comparing urine and serum calcium at a given time
performing 24 urine collection
from a mid-stream urine sample
What is false concerning coagulase splitting bacteria (Griess) test?
it is a reduction reaction that converts nitrate to nitrite
nitrazine reagent papers are used to elicit the reaction
it is false negative in diluted urine, on taking vitamin C, and in gram +ve bacteria
the reaction takes 4 minutes to complete