What is the most significant complication of cyclosporine?
hepatic toxicity
renal toxicity
neural toxicity
cardiac toxicity
Correct Answer :
B. renal toxicity
nephrotoxicity has been reported in 50% of cases.
Related Questions
What does make UTI more common in mid-aged females than in males?
short female urethra
pregnancy
vaginal colonization with enterobacteria
all the above
In which body tissue(s) are creatine and phosphocreatine converted to creatinine?
bone marrow
skeletal muscles
brown fat
liver
What is the creatinine clearance in ml/min for a 70 kg man aging 50 yrs. with 1.1 mg/dL serum creatinine?
79.54
44.19
84.15
94.25
Which structure is a part of the renal hilum?
renal pelvis
branches of the renal artery
tributaries of renal vein
all of the above
Which of the prostate medications could result in significant hypotension?
finasteride
prazosin
silodosin
vardenafil
Which of the following might cause sterile pyuria?
renal tuberculosis
urinary tract stones
interstitial cystitis
all of the above
Which of the following mediates calcium reabsorption in the distal renal tubules?
aldosterone
hypocalcemia
parathyroid hormone
vitamin D
What causes Cushing`s disease is:
bilateral adrenal hyperplasia
pituitary over secretion of ACTH
exogenous administration of glucocorticoids
immune-mediated disease
During fluoroscopy, what is the main source of radiation hazards that urologists could be exposed to?
scattered radiation from the unleaded wall
scattered radiation from the patient
scattered radiation from the floor and ceiling
radiation from the primary beam
Which of the following carries the greatest risk of HIV transmission to health care workers?
splash of patient`s blood to the eyes
splash of patient`s blood to the mouth
surgical suture needle stick
hollow bore needle stick
What antibiotic could result in red man syndrome?
vancomycin
clindamycin
streptomycin
tobramycin
The majority of circulating testosterone is:
bound to sex hormone-binding globulin
free
bound to α1-antichymotrypsin
bound to albumin
Which agent is most likely to cause hemorrhagic cystitis?
cisplatin
ifosfamide
phosphomycin
amphotericin B
What is false about indinavir sulfate stones?
intratubular crystal formation might occur
CT cannot reliably confirm the presence of indinavir calculi
stone formation is demonstrated in 80% of patients taking the medication
is a protease inhibitor with poor solubility and significant urinary excretion
Where is the centre of reflex erection located at?
the brain cortex
the sacral cord
the lumbar cord
the hypothalamus
What is the most common cause of hematuria in men over 60 yrs.?
kidney stones
glomerulonephritis
BPH
bladder cancer
Beside renal excretion of sodium, what does atrial natriuretic hormone cause?
constriction of renal afferent arterioles
renin inhibition
aldosterone stimulation
rise in systemic blood pressure
Which artery is NOT a branch of the anterior division of internal iliac artery?
superior vesical artery
inferior vesical artery
superior gluteal artery
inferior gluteal artery
Which zone of the prostate originates from the Wolffian duct tissue:
central zone
peripheral zone
transitional zone
periurethral glands
Which of the following explains infertility in liver cirrhosis male patients?
decrease plasma estradiol levels
increase plasma testosterone-estradiol-binding globulin levels
suppression of suprarenal androgens
exaggerated pituitary response to feedback hormones
Which organ contributes most to the seminal fluid volume?
testes
prostate
seminal vesicles
bulbourethral glands
All of the following conditions are related to obesity syndrome, EXCEPT:
super fertility
increase aromatization reaction
increase resistance to circulating insulin
sleep apnea
Which of the following hormones, primarily, controls spermatogenesis?
GnRH
testosterone
LH
FSH
By which of the following structures, do the fused lower poles of hoarseshoe kidneys get trapped during embryologic ascent?
inferior mesenteric artery
superior mesenteric artery
celiac artery
common iliac artery
What is false concerning coagulase splitting bacteria (Griess) test?
it is a reduction reaction that converts nitrate to nitrite
nitrazine reagent papers are used to elicit the reaction
it is false negative in diluted urine, on taking vitamin C, and in gram +ve bacteria
the reaction takes 4 minutes to complete
What is the most significant innervation of the vas deferens?
sympathetic nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system
somatic nervous system
none of the above
Which of the following conditions could result in white urine?
chyluria
bacteriuria
phosphaturia
all of the above
Which α- adrenergic receptor subtype mediates smooth muscle contraction of the prostate?
α1-A
α2-A
α1-B
α2-B
At which condition is alpha-fetoprotein most frequently elevated?
infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast
seminoma
hepatocellular carcinoma
malignant melanoma
What do urine tests examine to detect hematuria?
catalase activity of erythrocytes
peroxidase activity of erythrocytes
lyase activity of erythrocytes
none of the above