Copper and zinc
Copper and tin
Copper, tin and zinc
None of these
B. Copper and tin
Eutectic cast irons
Hypoeutectic cast irons
Hypereutectic cast irons
None of these
Heated below the lower critical temperature and then cooled slowly
Heated up to the lower critical temperature and then cooled in still air
Heated slightly above the lower critical temperature and then cooled slowly to a temperature of 600°C
None of the above
35
57
710
1015
Cementite
Free carbon
Flakes
Spheroids
Nickel, copper
Nickel, molybdenum
Zinc, tin, lead
Nickel, lead and tin
Malleability
Ductility
Surface finish
Damping characteristics
Remain same
Decreases
Increases
None of these
Below 723°C
770 to 910°C
910 to 1440°C
1400 to 1539°C
770°C
910°C
1440°C
1539°C
Cobalt
Nickel
Vanadium
Iron
Copper and tin
Copper and zinc
Copper and iron
Copper and nickel
Nickel, chromium and manganese
Tungsten, molybdenum and phosphorous
Lead, tin, aluminium
Zinc, sulphur, and chromium
Gun metal
Bronze
Bell metal
Babbitt metal
65% nickel, 15% chromium and 20% iron
68% nickel, 29% copper and 3% other constituents
80% nickel and 20% chromium
80% nickel, 14% chromium and 6% iron
3.5 to 4.5% copper, 0.4 to 0.7% magnesium, 0.4 to 0.7% manganese and rest aluminium
3.5 to 4.5% copper, 1.2 to 1.7% manganese, 1.8 to 2.3% nickel, 0.6% each of silicon, magnesium and iron, and rest aluminium
4 to 4.5% magnesium, 3 to 4% copper and rest aluminium
5 to 6% tin, 2 to 3% copper and rest aluminium
Nichrome
Invar
Magnin
Elinvar
Stainless steel
High speed steel
Invar
Heat resisting steel
70% copper and 30% zinc
90% copper and 10% tin
85 - 92% copper and rest tin with little lead and nickel
70 - 78% copper and rest tin
Aluminium in steel results in excessive grain growth
Manganese in steel induces hardness
Nickel and chromium in steel helps in raising the elastic limit and improve the resilience and ductility
Tungsten in steels improves magnetic properties and hardenability
Improves wear resistance, cutting ability and toughness
Refines grain size and produces less tendency to carburisation, improve corrosion and heat resistant proper ties
Improves cutting ability and reduce hardenability
Gives ductility, toughness, tensile strength and anti corrosion property
0.2 %
0.8 %
1.3 %
2 %
Ductile material
Malleable material
Brittle material
Tough material
Formation of bainite structure
Carburised structure
Martenistic structure
Lamellar layers of carbide distributed throughout the structure
13% carbon and 87% ferrite
13% cementite and 87% ferrite
13% ferrite and 87% cementite
6.67% carbon and 93.33% iron
At which crystals first start forming from molten metal when it is cooled
At which new spherical crystals first begin to form from the old deformed one when a strained metal is heated
At which change of allotropic form takes place
At which crystals grow bigger in size
Carbon
Vanadium
Manganese
Cobalt
Adding carbon up to 2.8%
Adding carbon up to 6.3%
Adding carbon up to 0.83%
Adding small quantities of copper
Decrease
Increase
Remain constant
First increase and then decrease
Contain carbon in free from
Require minimum cutting force
Is used where rapid machining is the prime requirement
Can be cut freely
Hearth
Stack
Bosh
Throat