Porter
Adam Smith
Varnoon
D. Richardo
D. D. Richardo
Government
Organized Trade union
Factor Conditions
Demand Conditions
Services supplied from one country to another cross border supply
Transaction of goods across the border Export Import
Individuals traveling from own country to supply services in another presence of natural persons.
Consumers/firms making use of a service in another country consumption abroad.
Threat of entrants; power of buyers; power of suppliers; threat of substitutes; competitive rivalry.
Threat of buyers; power of entry; power of substitutes; threat of suppliers; threat of recession.
Threat of recession; power of buyers; power of suppliers; threat of management failure; competitive rivalry.
Threat of entry; power of buyers; power of suppliers; threat of substitutes; government action
FDI made by a group of firms.
FDI made in subsidiaries.
FDI made in similar products.
FDI made in unrelated products.
USA
INDIA
CHINA
BRAZIL
Laws, rule sand regulations
Administrative procedures and efficiency
Infrastructure related factors
Language
Male- female ratio in the country.
Society dominated by male members.
Society characterized by aggressive and materialistic behaviour.
War- ridden societies.
Eastern countries.
Middle East countries.
Traditional Islamic countries.
India.
Gold Theory
Ricardo Theory
Mercantilism
H .O. THEORY
Proforma invoice
Purchase order
Sales contract
All the above
The World War I
The World War II
The Establishment of GATT
In 1913 when GDP was high
Marketing.
All spheres of marketing, operation and finance simultaneously.
Any or all spheres of marketing, operation and finance.
Finance only.
EXIM Bank
World Bank
IMF
International Financial Bank
Shared belief of top managers about how they should manage themselves and their employees
Shared code of ethics and other commonalities shared by members of a given group
Both (a) and (c)
None of the above
Standardization v/s adaptation
Globalization v/s localization
Global integration v/s Local Responsiveness
Local responsiveness
Economic system
Political system
Social System
Cultural Attitudes
Investment of a very high value.
Investment in shares.
Investors influence on the management of the enterprise.
Investment of low value.
Commission is paid to the agent involved in the transaction
Cost of the goods exported
Freight & Insurance charges for the goods exported
All of the above
Services supplied from one country to another cross border supply
Transaction of goods across the border Export Import
Individuals traveling from own country to supply services in another presence of natural persons.
Consumers/firms making use of a service in another country consumption abroad
Licensing
Exporting
Wholly owned subsidiaries
Foreign Direct Investment
is the only cause for international business.
is the major factor for international business.
is among the major factors for international business.
is not a cause for international business.
Countries specializing in production of goods they are best suited for.
Reduction in taxes.
Increased factor income.
Encouraging competition.
Conciliation.
Arbitration.
Negotiations.
Conciliation and arbitration.
Encourage imports and exports
Encourage exports and discourage imports
Discourage imports
None of these
1993
1994
1995
1996
Direct payments to farmers are permitted.
Indirect assistance and support to farmers including R & D support by govt. are not permitted
Domestic policies which directly effect on production and trade have to be cut back.
Least developed countries do not need to make any cuts.
Imports
Exports
Imports and Exports
All of the above
1992
1993
1995
1994
Deferred credits
Transit credits
Instalment credits
Transferable credits
GATT/WTO
GATS/IMF
WTO/WORLD BANK
WORLD BANK/WIPO