Amorphous material
Mesomorphous material
Crystalline material
None of these
A. Amorphous material
3.5 to 4.5% copper, 0.4 to 0.7% magnesium, 0.4 to 0.7% manganese and rest aluminium
3.5 to 4.5% copper, 1.2 to 1.7% manganese, 1.8 to 2.3% nickel, 0.6% each of silicon, magnesium and iron, and rest aluminium
4 to 4.5% magnesium, 3 to 4% copper and rest aluminium
5 to 6% tin, 2 to 3% copper and rest aluminium
Zinc, magnesium, cobalt, cadmium, antimony and bismuth
Gamma iron, aluminium, copper, lead, silver and nickel
Alpha iron, tungsten, chromium and molybdenum
None of the above
Lead base alloy
Tin base alloy
Copper base alloy
Both (A) and (C) above
Manganese
Magnesium
Nickel
Silicon
Point defect
Line defect
Plane defect
Volumetric defect
Cast iron
Mild steel
Stainless steel
Carbonchrome steel
Cast iron
Forged steel
Mild steel
High carbon steel
Are formed into shape under heat and pressure and results in a permanently hard product
Do not become hard with the application of heat and pressure and no chemical change occurs
Are flexible and can withstand considerable wear under suitable conditions
Are used as a friction lining for clutches and brakes
770°C
910°C
1050°C
Below recrystallisation temperature
Carburising
Normalising
Annealing
Tempering
Low wear resistance
Low hardness
Low tensile strength
Toughness
Improve machinability
Improve ductility
Improve toughness
Release stresses
Hardening surface of work-piece to obtain hard and wear resistant surface
Heating and cooling rapidly
Increasing hardness throughout
Inducing hardness by continuous process
0.02
0.1
02
0.4
Nickel
Chromium
Copper
Magnesium
Contains 1.7 to 3.5% carbon in Free State and is obtained by the slow cooling of molten cast iron
Is also known as chilled cast iron and is obtained by cooling rapidly. It is almost unmachinable
Is produced by annealing process. It is soft, tough and easily machined metal
Is produced by small additions of magnesium (or creium) in the ladle. Graphite is in nodular or spheroidal form and is well dispersed throughout the material
RC 65
RC 48
RC 57
RC 80
Are used where ease in machining is the criterion
Contain carbon in free form
Require least cutting force
Do not exist
Amount of cementite it contains
Amount of carbon it contains
Contents of alloying elements
Method of manufacture of steel
600°C
723°C
1147°C
1493°C
Mica
Silver
Lead
Glass
F.C.C.
B.C.C.
H.C.P.
Orthorhombic crystalline structure
Copper and tin
Copper and zinc
Copper and iron
Copper and nickel
Grain growth, recrystallisation, stress relief
Stress relief, grain growth, recrystallisation
Stress relief, recrystallisation, grain growth
Grain growth, stress relief, recrystallisation
White metal
Solder admiralty
Fusible metal
Phosphor bronze
No graphite
A very high percentage of graphite
A low percentage of graphite
Graphite as its basic constituent of composition
Hot hardness
Toughness
Wear resistance
Sharp cutting edge
0.04 %
0.35 to 0.45 %
0.4 to 0.6 %
0.6 to 0.8 %
Greater than 7
Less than 7
Equal to 7
pH value has nothing to do with neutral solution
Silver
Gold
Copper
Germanium