400°C to 600°C
600°C to 900°C
900°C to 1400°C
1400°C to 1530°C
C. 900°C to 1400°C
Strength
Stiffness
Toughness
Brittleness
Silver
Gold
Copper
Germanium
No graphite
A very high percentage of graphite
A low percentage of graphite
Graphite as its basic constituent of composition
Contains 1.7 to 3.5% carbon in Free State and is obtained by the slow cooling of molten cast iron
Is also known as chilled cast iron and is obtained by cooling rapidly. It is almost unmachinable
Is produced by annealing process. It is soft, tough and easily machined metal
Is produced by small additions of magnesium (or creium) in the ladle. Graphite is in nodular or spheroidal form and is well dispersed throughout the material
0.1 to 1.2%
1.5 to 2.5%
2.5 to 4%
4 to 4.5%
High temperature and low strain rates favour brittle fracture
Many metals with hexagonal close packed (H.C.P) crystal structure commonly show brittle fracture
Brittle fracture is always preceded by noise
Cup and cone formation is characteristic for brittle materials
Mild steel
German silver
Lead
Graphite
Remain same
Decreases
Increases
None of these
There is no change in grain size
The average grain size is a minimum
The grain size increases very rapidly
The grain size first increases and then decreases very rapidly
Hardening and cold working
Normalising
Martempering
Full annealing
0.1 to 0.5
0.5 to 1
1 to 1.7
1.7 to 4.5
Nickel, copper and iron
Nickel, copper and zinc
Copper, nickel and antimony
Iron, zinc and bismuth
Silicon
Sulphur
Manganese
Phosphorus
High resistance to rusting and corrosion
High ductility
Ability of hold protective coating
Uniform strength in all directions
In a random manner
In a haphazard way
In circular motion
Back and forth like tiny pendulums
Ductile
Malleable
Homogeneous
Anisotropic
Body centred cubic
Face centred cubic
Hexagonal close packed
Cubic structure
Heated below the lower critical temperature and then cooled slowly
Heated up to the lower critical temperature and then cooled in still air
Heated slightly above the lower critical temperature and then cooled slowly to a temperature of 600°C
None of the above
Silicon bronze
White metal
Monel metal
Phosphor bronze
Cast iron
Vitrified clay
Asbestos cement
Concrete
By adding magnesium to molten cast iron
By quick cooling of molten cast iron
From white cast iron by annealing process
None of these
Duralumin
Y-alloy
Magnalium
Hindalium
Six
Twelve
Eighteen
Twenty
Improve machinability
Improve ductility
Improve toughness
Release stresses
Cast iron
High speed steel
All nonferrous materials
All of the above
Steel
Al2O3
SiO2
MgO
Manganese
Magnesium
Nickel
Silicon
Same
Less
More
None of these
Contain carbon in free from
Require minimum cutting force
Is used where rapid machining is the prime requirement
Can be cut freely
Refine grain structure
Reduce segregation in casting
Improve mechanical properties
Induce stresses