Ability to undergo large permanent deformations in compression
Ability to recover its original form
Ability to undergo large permanent deformations in tension
All of the above
C. Ability to undergo large permanent deformations in tension
Improves wear resistance, cutting ability and toughness
Refines grain size and produces less tendency to carburisation, improves corrosion and heat resistant properties
Improves cutting ability and reduces hardenability
Gives ductility, toughness, tensile strength and anticorrosion properties
Improve machinability
Improve ductility
Improve toughness
Release stresses
0.1 to 0.5 %
0.5 to 1 %
1 to 5 %
5 to 10 %
Low carbon steel
High carbon steel
Medium carbon steel
High speed steel
F.C.C.
B.C.C.
H.C.P.
Orthorhombic crystalline structure
0.1 to 1.2%
1.5 to 2.5%
2.5 to 4%
4 to 4.5%
70% copper and 30% zinc
90% copper and 10% tin
85 - 92% copper and rest tin with little lead and nickel
70 - 75% copper and rest tin
Mild steel
Alloy steel
High carbon
Tungsten steel
Six
Twelve
Eighteen
Twenty
50 : 20 : 20 : 10
40 : 30 : 20 : 10
50 : 20 : 10 : 20
30 : 20 : 30 : 20
The points where no further change occurs
Constant for all metals
The points where there is no further flow of metal
The points of discontinuity
Silicon and sulphur
Phosphorous, lead and sulphur
Sulphur, graphite and aluminium
Phosphorous and aluminium
63 to 67% nickel and 30% copper
88% copper, 10% tin and rest zinc
Alloy of tin, lead and cadmium
Iron scrap and zinc
Molecular change
Physical change
Allotropic change
Solidus change
Hearth
Stack
Bosh
Throat
Copper and tin
Copper and zinc
Copper and iron
Copper and nickel
Face centred cubic lattice
Body centred cubic lattice
Hexagonal close packed lattice
All of the above
In still air
Slowly in the furnace
Suddenly in a suitable cooling medium
Any one of these
Magnesium alloys
Titanium alloys
Chromium alloys
Magnetic steel alloys
Silicon bronze
White metal
Monel metal
Phosphor bronze
Nickel, chromium and iron
Nickel, copper
Nickel, Chromium
Nickel, zinc
Are used where ease in machining is the criterion
Contain carbon in free form
Require least cutting force
Do not exist
Dipping steel in cyanide bath
Reacting steel surface with cyanide salts
Adding carbon and nitrogen by heat treatment of steel to increase its surface hardness
Obtaining cyanide salts
0.1 to 0.3 %
0.3 to 0.6 %
0.6 to 0.8 %
0.8 to 1.5 %
Chromium
Nickel
Vanadium
Manganese
Cast iron
Pig iron
Wrought iron
Malleable iron
α-iron
β-iron
γ-iron
δ-iron
Cast iron
Mild steel
Nonferrous materials
Stainless steel
Electroplating
Cyaniding
Induction hardening
Nitriding
Nickel
Vanadium
Cobalt
Molybdenum