F.C.C.
B.C.C.
H.C.P.
Orthorhombic crystalline structure
A. F.C.C.
0.02
0.1
02
0.4
RC 65
RC 48
RC 57
RC 80
Free form
Combined form
Nodular form
Partly in free and partly in combined state
Improvement of casting characteristics
Improvement of corrosion resistance
One of the best known age and precipitation hardening systems
Improving machinability
600°C
723°C
1147°C
1493°C
In which atoms align themselves in a geometric pattern upon solidification
In which there is no definite atomic structure and atoms exist in a random pattern just as in a liquid
Which is not attacked by phosphorous
Which emits fumes on melting
Formation of bainite structure
Carburised structure
Martenistic structure
Lamellar layers of carbide distributed throughout the structure
0.1 to 0.2 %
0.25 to 0.5 %
0.6 to 0.7 %
0.7 to 0.9 %
Carbon
Vanadium
Manganese
Cobalt
Improves wear resistance, cutting ability and toughness
Refines grain size and produces less tendency to carburisation, improve corrosion and heat resistant proper ties
Improves cutting ability and reduce hardenability
Gives ductility, toughness, tensile strength and anti corrosion property
Pig iron
Cast iron
Wrought iron
Steel
Improves wear resistance, cutting ability and toughness
Refines grain size and produces less tendency to carburisation, improves corrosion and heat resistant properties
Improves cutting ability and reduces hardenability
Gives ductility, toughness, tensile strength and anticorrosion properties
1539°C
1601°C
1489°C
1712°C
Contains 1.7 to 3.5% carbon in Free State and is obtained by the slow cooling of molten cast iron
Is also known as chilled cast iron and is obtained by cooling rapidly. It is almost unmachinable
Is produced by annealing process. It is soft, tough and easily machined metal
Is produced by small additions of magnesium (or creium) in the ladle. Graphite is in nodular or spheroidal form and is well dispersed throughout the material
Ability to undergo large permanent deformations in compression
Ability to recover its original form
Ability to undergo large permanent deformations in tension
All of the above
Aluminium
Low carbon steel
Medium carbon steel
High carbon steel
Body centred cubic space lattice
Face centred cubic space lattice
Close packed hexagonal space lattice
None of these
600°C
700°C
723°C
913°C
B.C.C. crystalline structure
F.C.C. crystal structure
H.C.P. structure
A complex cubic structure
Body centered cubic
Face centred cubic
Hexagonal close packed
Cubic structure
Contain the smallest number of atoms which when taken together have all the properties of the crystals of the particular metal
Have the same orientation and their similar faces are parallel
May be defined as the smallest parallelepiped which could be transposed in three coordinate directions to build up the space lattice
All of the above
0.1 to 1.2%
1.5 to 2.5%
2.5 to 4%
4 to 4.5%
Cementite
Free carbon
Flakes
Spheroids
Nickel, copper
Nickel, molybdenum
Zinc, tin, lead
Nickel, lead and tin
Nickel, copper and iron
Nickel, copper and zinc
Copper, nickel and antimony
Iron, zinc and bismuth
Chromium
Nickel
Vanadium
Manganese
Brittleness
Ductility
Malleability
Plasticity
Aluminium
Tin
Zinc
Silver
13% carbon and 87% ferrite
13% cementite and 87% ferrite
13% ferrite and 87% cementite
6.67% carbon and 93.33% iron
Substitutional solid solution
Interstitial solid solution
Intermetallic compounds
All of the above