tamsulosin
doxazosin
dutasteride
alfuzosin
A. tamsulosin
opening of internal bladder sphincter
fall in urethral pressure
rise in intravesical pressure
cessation of sphincter EMG activity
16
32
64
90
immediately
after 2 hrs.
after 12 hrs.
after 24 hrs.
increases semen volume
has antimicrobial activity
liquefies the seminal coagulum
decreases semen pH
loop diuretics
thiazide diuretics
potassium sparing diuretics
osmotic diuretics
intimal fibroplasia
medial fibroplasia
medial hyperplasia
serosal hyperplasia
oxalate
struvite
urate
cystine
breasts
thyroids
lungs
liver
inherited chromosomal-mediated resistance
acquired chromosomal-mediated resistance
extrachromosomal-mediated resistance
all of the above
the membranous
the bladder neck
the bulbous
the external urethral meatus
increasing vaginal secretions
decreasing vaginal pH
increasing normal vaginal flora
decreasing bacterial adherence
intermediate mesoderm
mesothelium of celomic cavity
endoderm of the urogenital sinus
somatic ectoderm
each epididymis can be palpable at the postero-lateral surface of the testis
has 3 parts; head, body, and tail
new batches of sperms stay in the epididymis around 2 days for maturation
shares the same blood supply of the testis
significant proteinuria, dysmorphic RBCs, RBC casts
glycosuria, eumorphic RBCs, WBC casts
hypercalciuria, eumorphic RBCs, granular casts
proteinuria, dysmorphic RBCs, hyaline casts
type 1
type 2
type 3
type 4
aldosterone
hypocalcemia
parathyroid hormone
vitamin D
has a limited cross-resistance with most common antibacterial agents
causes injection site reactions
is active against most uropathogens
is effective as a single-dose agent
LH
FSH
HCG
none of the above
increase collecting duct permeability
increase medullary blood flow
decrease cortical blood flow
decrease potassium secretion
sympathetic to the medulla
parasympathetic to the medulla
sympathetic to the cortex
parasympathetic to the cortex
allopurinol
aminoglycosides
cimetidine
all of the above
the free form of PSA exists in small proportions in the body, and found mainly in BPH and in the ejaculate
α1- anti chymotrypsin binds to 3 epitopes of the PSA molecule to form a complexed PSA
α2- macroglobulin binds to 5 epitopes of the PSA molecule to form a complexed PSA
the purified PSA molecule has a molecular weight of 90 kDa
mechanical compression by the gravid uterus
physiological increase urine flow during pregnancy
elevated levels of progesterone
reflex inhibition of ureteral contractions
degenerate after birth
called the caudal genital ligaments
help guide the testes down through the inguinal canals
represent undifferentiated mesenchyme
sympathetic nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system
urinary output
afferent arteriolar resistance
proximal convoluted tubules
distal convoluted tubules
collecting duct
loop of Henle
estradiol
DHT
FSH
testosterone
from early morning urine sample
comparing urine and serum calcium at a given time
performing 24 urine collection
from a mid-stream urine sample
splash of patient`s blood to the eyes
splash of patient`s blood to the mouth
surgical suture needle stick
hollow bore needle stick
hypogastric
internal iliac
external iliac
lateral sacral