Refine grain structure
Reduce segregation in casting
Improve mechanical properties
Induce stresses
D. Induce stresses
Yield point
Critical temperature
Melting point
Hardness
Brittleness
Ductility
Malleability
Plasticity
50 : 50
40 : 60
60 : 40
10 : 90
F.C.C.
B.C.C.
H.C.P.
Orthorhombic crystalline structure
Nickel and copper
Nickel and chromium
Nickel, Chromium and iron
Copper and chromium
Does not effect
Decreases
Increases
None of these
Elasticity
Plasticity
Ductility
Malleability
Silicon and sulphur
Phosphorous, lead and sulphur
Sulphur, graphite and aluminium
Phosphorous and aluminium
Pig iron
Cast iron
Wrought iron
Steel
Free form
Combined form
Nodular form
Partly in free and partly in combined state
Tin, antimony, copper
Tin and copper
Tin and lead
Lead and zinc
Large surface wear
Elevated temperatures
Light load and pressure
High pressure and load
0.8 %
Below 0.8 %
Above 0.8 %
None of these
Aluminium, copper etc.
Nickel, molybdenum etc.
Nickel, Copper, etc.
All of the above
Mica
Silver
Lead
Glass
Kind of stainless steel
None ferrous alloy
Polymer
Nickel and iron alloy having high permeability
Flywheel of steam engine
Cast iron pipes
Cycle chains
Gas turbine blades
Mild steel
German silver
Lead
Graphite
The points where no further change occurs
Constant for all metals
The points where there is no further flow of metal
The points of discontinuity
Acidic
Basic
Neutral
Brittle
Blast furnace
Cupola
Open hearth furnace
Bessemer converter
Are used where ease in machining is the criterion
Contain carbon in free form
Require least cutting force
Do not exist
In which atoms align themselves in a geometric pattern upon solidification
In which there is no definite atomic structure and atoms exist in a random pattern just as in a liquid
Which is not attacked by phosphorous
Which emits fumes on melting
Cementite
Free carbon
Flakes
Nodular aggregates of graphite
Nickel, chromium and manganese
Tungsten, molybdenum and phosphorous
Lead, tin, aluminium
Zinc, sulphur, and chromium
Cast iron
Mild steel
Stainless steel
Carbonchrome steel
Point defect
Line defect
Plane defect
Volumetric defect
Aluminium
Tin
Zinc
Silver
Chromium and nickel
Sulphur, phosphorus, lead
Vanadium, aluminium
Tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium, chromium
3.5 to 4.5% copper, 0.4 to 0.7% magnesium, 0.4 to 0.7% manganese and rest aluminium
3.5 to 4.5% copper, 1.2 to 1.7% manganese, 1.8 to 2.3% nickel, 0.6% each of silicon, magnesium and iron, and rest aluminium
4 to 4.5% magnesium, 3 to 4% copper and rest aluminium
5 to 6% tin, 2 to 3% copper and rest aluminium