Copper
Brass
Lead
Silver
B. Brass
The points where no further change occurs
Constant for all metals
The points where there is no further flow of metal
The points of discontinuity
Hot hardness
Toughness
Wear resistance
Sharp cutting edge
Amount of carbon it contains
The shape and distribution of the carbides in iron
Method of fabrication
Contents of alloying elements
Babbitt metal
Monel metal
Nichrome
Phosphor bronze
Silicon bronze
White metal
Monel metal
Phosphor bronze
Lead base alloy
Tin base alloy
Copper base alloy
Both (A) and (C) above
In a random manner
In a haphazard way
In circular motion
Back and forth like tiny pendulums
White metal
Solder admiralty
Fusible metal
Phosphor bronze
30°C to 50°C above upper critical temperature
30°C to 50°C below upper critical temperature
30°C to 50°C above lower critical temperature
30°C to 50°C below lower critical temperature
Strength
Stiffness
Brittleness
Toughness
0.1 to 1.2%
1.5 to 2.5%
2.5 to 4%
4 to 4.5%
Eutectic cast irons
Hypoeutectic cast irons
Hypereutectic cast irons
None of these
Cast iron
Mild steel
Nonferrous materials
Stainless steel
Formation of bainite structure
Carburised structure
Martenistic structure
Lamellar layers of carbide distributed throughout the structure
Free carbon
Graphite
Cementite
White carbon
0.1 %
0.2 %
0.4 %
0.6 %
30 %
45 %
55 %
70 %
Cast iron
Pig iron
Wrought iron
Malleable iron
Core defects
Surface defects
Superficial defects
Temporary defects
F.C.C.
B.C.C.
H.C.P.
Orthorhombic crystalline structure
Remain same
Decreases
Increases
None of these
Sulphur
Phosphorus
Manganese
Silicon
Wholly pearlite
Wholly austenite
Pearlite and ferrite
Pearlite and cementite
Aluminium
Low carbon steel
Medium carbon steel
High carbon steel
Vanadium 4%, chromium 18% and tungsten 1%
Vanadium 1%, chromium 4% and tungsten 18%
Vanadium 18%, chromium 1% and tungsten 4%
None of the above
Tin, lead and small percentage of antimony
Tin and lead
Tin, lead and silver
Tin and copper
Substitutional solid solution
Interstitial solid solution
Intermetallic compounds
All of the above
Nickel
Chromium
Tungsten
Vanadium
Cast iron
High speed steel
All nonferrous materials
All of the above
Calcined ore (8 parts), coke (4 parts) and limestone (1 part)
Calcined ore (4 parts), coke (1 part) and limestone (8 parts)
Calcined ore (1 part), coke (8 parts) and limestone (4 parts)
Calcined ore, coke and limestone all in equal parts