The mature genitourinary system develops from all of the following embryonic sources, EXCEPT:
intermediate mesoderm
mesothelium of celomic cavity
endoderm of the urogenital sinus
somatic ectoderm
Correct Answer :
D. somatic ectoderm
ectoderm layer forms the neural system and the skin.
Related Questions
What is the number of bacteria per high-power field microscopy that matches colony counts of 100,000/mL?
100
50
10
5
When should a 70 yrs. man with 40 ml prostate volume, and total PSA of 2.0 ng/ml, go for a prostate biopsy?
if PSA reading had exceeded 2.7 ng/ml over 12 months
if free PSA reading was less than 0.4 ng/ml
if total PSA reading was greater than 8 ng/ml
any of the above
Which statement is false concerning the dipstick method for detecting hematuria?
depends on the ability of hemoglobin to oxidize a chromogen indicator
negative results need to be confirmed by microscopic examination
has a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 75%
the presence of many epithelial cells suggests skin or vaginal contamination
Which part of the male urethra is the narrowest?
the membranous
the bladder neck
the bulbous
the external urethral meatus
What type of renal tubular acidosis (RTA) does demonstrate aldosterone resistance?
type 1
type 2
type 3
type 4
Which medicine(s) might enhance hypoprothrombinemic effect on oral anticoagulants?
allopurinol
aminoglycosides
cimetidine
all of the above
Which of the following lab results indicates prerenal failure?
serum BUN : creatinine > 20
urine [Na] < 30 mEq/L
Na excretion fraction < 1
all of the above
Which of the following is false regarding Addison`s disease?
autoimmune disease in 70% of the cases
diagnosed by the rapid ACTH stimulation test
characterized by low serum sodium and high potassium
may coexist with hyperthyroidism and diabetes mellitus
Which of the following diabetes mellitus treatments causes erectile dysfunction?
long-acting insulin
metformin
sulfonylurea
none of the above
Which statement is false concerning the gubernaculua?
degenerate after birth
called the caudal genital ligaments
help guide the testes down through the inguinal canals
represent undifferentiated mesenchyme
What is false concerning the collecting system structures of a typical kidney?
the renal pelvis could be intra or extra renal
the renal pelvis divides into 2 or 3 major calyces
major calyces divide into 2 or 3 minor calyces
unlike lateral calyces, polar calyces are often paired
Which of the following explains infertility in liver cirrhosis male patients?
decrease plasma estradiol levels
increase plasma testosterone-estradiol-binding globulin levels
suppression of suprarenal androgens
exaggerated pituitary response to feedback hormones
By which of the following structures, do the fused lower poles of hoarseshoe kidneys get trapped during embryologic ascent?
inferior mesenteric artery
superior mesenteric artery
celiac artery
common iliac artery
What is the nerve supply of the adrenal gland?
sympathetic to the medulla
parasympathetic to the medulla
sympathetic to the cortex
parasympathetic to the cortex
What is the most likely diagnosis of an erectile dysfunction patient with low plasma testosterone and high prolactin levels?
pituitary adenoma
adrenal adenoma
Kallmann syndrome
Klinefelter syndrome
Which zone of the prostate originates from the Wolffian duct tissue:
central zone
peripheral zone
transitional zone
periurethral glands
At which condition is alpha-fetoprotein most frequently elevated?
infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast
seminoma
hepatocellular carcinoma
malignant melanoma
Which statement is false concerning smegma?
it is the white secretion produced under the foreskin in males
it has a crucial role in penile cancer development
it contains lysozymes, chymotrypsin, neutrophil elastase and cytokines
female smegma can be found between the labia
What is true regarding hematospermia?
should be investigated thoroughly like hematuria
is rarely associated with significant urologic pathology
carries a risk of infertility
mandates testicular biopsy
Which statement concerning urine pH is false?
influenced by food and medications
renal stones form at the extremes of pH range
reliable only when measured by 24 hr. urine collection
ranges from 4 7
What is the nature of the prostate-specific antigen?
protease
lyase
carboxylase
hydrolase
What causes ureteral dilation during pregnancy is:
mechanical compression by the gravid uterus
physiological increase urine flow during pregnancy
elevated levels of progesterone
reflex inhibition of ureteral contractions
Which class of the following diuretics could cause erectile dysfunction?
loop diuretics
thiazide diuretics
potassium sparing diuretics
osmotic diuretics
Which agent should be avoided during living-related donor nephrectomy?
ice slush
heparin
norepinephrine
methylene blue
What are the first and second most common zones from where prostate cancers arise?
central then transitional
peripheral then transitional
peripheral then central
transitional then central
How many days does spermatogenesis take in the man?
16
32
64
90
What is false about indinavir sulfate stones?
intratubular crystal formation might occur
CT cannot reliably confirm the presence of indinavir calculi
stone formation is demonstrated in 80% of patients taking the medication
is a protease inhibitor with poor solubility and significant urinary excretion
Where do Cowper`s gland ducts drain into?
ejaculatory ducts
prostatic urethra
membranous urethra
bulbous urethra
What causes Cushing`s disease is:
bilateral adrenal hyperplasia
pituitary over secretion of ACTH
exogenous administration of glucocorticoids
immune-mediated disease
Which drug does NOT result in urinary retention?
terazosin, antihypertensive
benzodiazepines, psychotropic medicine
levodopa, anti-Parkinsonism medicine
brimonidine, glaucoma eye drops