Encourage exports and imports
Encourage exports and discourage imports
Discourage exports and imports
Discourage exports and encourage imports
B. Encourage exports and discourage imports
Deferred credits
Transit credits
Instalment credits
Transferable credits
Services supplied from one country to another cross border supply
Transaction of goods across the border Export Import
Individuals traveling from own country to supply services in another presence of natural persons.
Consumers/firms making use of a service in another country consumption abroad
Language
Laws, rules and regulations
Cost of resources
Infrastructure related factors
holidays.
language.
role of women.
marketing practices.
American.
Russian.
German.
Japanese.
GATT/WTO
GATS/IMF
WTO/WORLD BANK
WORLD BANK/WIPO
Emerging economy
Developed economy
Less developed economy
None of these
Particular products of country
Only attractive projects of the country
Only services industry products of the country
Overall exports of the country.
Imports
Exports
Imports and Exports
All of the above
At least one -third directors are foreign nationals
The company does 40% of its business in foreign markets
The overseas markets are larger than the domestic market
The affiliates are responsive tio a number of important environmental forces
Ability to speak English; developed network of supporting industries; absence of competition; and low labour cost.
Abundant natural resources; skilled labour force; temperate climate; and democracy.
Factor conditions; demand conditions; related and supporting industries; and firm strategy, industry strategy and rivalry.
Strong sporting ethos; emphasis on individual achievement; strong national party in power; large home market.
Profit will be less.
Size of investment will be high.
Lesser control in management.
Delay in establishment.
as a Greenfield venture.
to acquire an existing firm.
to have products marketed overseas.
to have management is overseas.
existence of traditional rule.
non existence of industries.
predominance of agriculture.
complete absence of literacy.
FDI up to 100% subject to condition that they invest 26 % in favour of Indian Public within 5 yrs
FDI up to 100%
FDI up to 100% subject to condition that they invest 26 % in favor of Indian Public within 10 yrs
FDI up to 49%
High level of inequality of power and wealth within the society
Normal Power and Wealth
High level of political corruption
Low level of Human Development Index
Can earn a return on knowledge asset
Will not create a competitor
Tight control of operations
All the above
age of mass consumption.
age of mass production.
maturity.
drive to maturity.
India
China
USA
Brazil
in the order specified.
in any order.
in the order specified, but certain stages may be skipped.
automatic.
Measures that affect trade in goods.
Measures that lead to restrictions on quantities.
Discouraging measures that limit a companys imports.
Discouraging measures that limit a companys exports.
1992
1993
1995
1994
Investment of a very high value.
Investment in shares.
Investors influence on the management of the enterprise.
Investment of low value.
Encourage exports and imports
Encourage exports and discourage imports
Discourage exports and imports
Discourage exports and encourage imports
Global
International
Multi-domestic
Transnational
Greenfield FDI.
Acquisition.
Horizontal FDI.
Vertical FDI.
GLOBAL
TRANSNATIONAL
INTERNATIONAL
MULTI-DOMESTIC
FDI made by a group of firms.
FDI made in subsidiaries.
FDI made in similar products.
FDI made in unrelated products.
lower level of stress among people.
decision taken as a result of group consensus.
less dependence on rules and regulations.
people are serene.
credit risk.
political risk.
financial risk.
business risk.