1
2
3
4
C. 3
adenoma with clear cell
papillary adenoma
metanephric adenoma
none of the above
multiloculated cystic nephromas
angiomyolipoma
metanephric adenoma
adenoma with clear cell
repeat ablation
active surveillance
salvage surgery
radical nephrectomy
abdominal CT
chest X-ray
renal function test
liver function test
never
unlikely
likely
always
mutations in the MCKD1 (chromosome 1q21) gene
mutations in the MCKD2 (chromosome 16q12) gene
inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion
all of the above
. Metastatic tumors to the kidney are common from all of the following organs, EXCEPT:
lungs
thyroid
breasts
cyst aspiration and sclerosis
partial nephrectomy
endoscopic marsupialization and fulguration of the cyst
administration of TKIs
. Manifestations of paraneoplastic syndrome associated with RCC include all of the following, EXCEPT:
anemia and erythrocytosis
hepatic dysfunction and elevated human chorionic gonadotropin levels
hypocalcemia
they follow a benign clinical course
they have a bimodal age distribution
they are more common in men than in women
none of the above
radiographically, it is indistinguishable from RCC
has a female predominance
has a benign clinical course
has a peak incidence in the third decade of life
renal oncocytoma
multiloculated cystic nephromas
metanephric adenoma
adenoma with clear cell
type II DM, especially in males
hypertension
obesity, especially in females
cigarette smoking
. What is false concerning targeted molecular therapy?
is a personalized medical therapy devised to meet each persons individual needs for cancer`s specifications
treats cancer by interrupting unique molecular abnormalities that drive cancer growth
some cancer types have different molecular targets
margin status and grade
tumor size
tumor stage
the time interval between the tumor emergence and excision
hepatic cysts are the most common extra-renal manifestation
might experience cyst hemorrhage, renal infection, or nephrolithiasis
typically, complain of flank pain or intermittent hematuria in the early twenties
hypertension and CRF commonly occur in the fifth decade of life
. What is false regarding radical nephrectomy operation?
nodal involvement doesn`t influence prognosis
renal artery should be ligated before the vein to avoid kidney ballooning
cardiopulmonary bypass with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest is performed in patients with supra-diaphragmatic tumor thrombi
the quality of the kidney and renal function prior to surgery
the quantity of vascularized parenchymal mass preserved after excision
the tumor
warm ischemia time
most lesions ≤ 4 cm are asymptomatic
renal masses with fat content is pathognomonic for AML
renal biopsy from AML carries a high risk of hemorrhage
may coexist with malignant lesions, such as sarcomas and RCCs
glomerulocystic kidney disease (GCKD)
Juvenile nephronophthisis (JNPHP)
medullary cystic kidney disease
all of the above
20%
30%
40%
50%
right hydrocele
left varicocele
painless hematuria
hypertension
hyperattenuating renal cyst
solitary renal cyst
uncomplicated renal cyst
focal renal cyst
chest X-ray and abdominal ultrasonography every 3 months for the first year, and then annually for 3 years
annual chest X-ray for 3 years
abdominal and chest CT every 6 months for the first year, and then annually for 3 years
no radiological examination required
. In RCC, ipsilateral adrenal metastasis occurs in:
0.3 - 2%
2 - 10%
11 - 18%
at autopsy
by staining positive for human melanoma black (HMB)-45
by fine-needle aspiration cytology
by exclusion
papillary RCC
renal metastases
renal oncocytoma
renal xanthogranuloma
progress to ESRD in the sixth decade of life
hypertension is seen in 80% of patients with ADPKD aged 20-34 years
aortic valve stenosis in 25%
manifestations are more significant in patients with the PKD2 genotype
70 - 85%
55 - 70%
40 - 55%
25 - 40%
papillary subtype of RCC has a tendency to multifocality
chromosome 13 alterations are common in the development of clear cell renal carcinoma
a solid mass on CT that enhances more than 15 HU is suggestive of RCC
bilateral involvement in RCC either synchronously or metachronously occurs in 2% to 4% of patients