A. < - 10 HU

B. < - 20 HU

C. < 10 HU

D. < 20 HU

A. never

B. unlikely

C. likely

D. always

A. . What is false concerning targeted molecular therapy?

B. is a personalized medical therapy devised to meet each persons individual needs for cancer`s specifications

C. treats cancer by interrupting unique molecular abnormalities that drive cancer growth

D. some cancer types have different molecular targets

A. RCC occurs in < 5% of patients with tuberous sclerosis

B. in glomerulocystic kidney disease, renal tumors are typically solitary, large, with central necrosis

C. in Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, renal tumors are frequently bilateral and multicentric

D. in acquired cystic disease, tumors are commonly bilateral, and metastatic in 15% of cases

A. autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)

B. developmental cystic renal disease

C. inherited cystic renal disease

D. systemic disease with associated renal cysts

A. . What is an indication for radical nephrectomy?

B. a 6-cm, polar tumor

C. bilateral RCC

D. locally advanced RCC

A. margin status and grade

B. tumor size

C. tumor stage

D. the time interval between the tumor emergence and excision

A. 80%

B. 85%

C. 90%

D. 95%

A. is the first and most reliable radiologic examination to study IVC thrombi

B. is reserved for patients with equivocal MRI or CT findings

C. is obsolete and has fallen out of use

D. carries a risk of IVC terrible bleeding that outweighs the diagnostic merits

A. . What is NOT an indication for simple nephrectomy?

B. symptomatic chronic renal infection with poor function

C. some cases of renovascular hypertension

D. symptomatic calculus disease with poor renal function

A. the central scar on CT or MRI, and the spoke-wheel pattern of vessels on angiograms are not specific to oncocytoma

B. calcification, necrosis, and hemorrhage are rare in oncocytomas

C. it is thought to arise from the basement membrane of proximal convoluted tubules

D. treatment is partial nephrectomy or tumor excision

A. RCC

B. AML

C. teratoma

D. any of the above

A. . Metastatic tumors to the kidney are common from all of the following organs, EXCEPT:

B. lungs

C. thyroid

D. breasts

A. they follow a benign clinical course

B. they have a bimodal age distribution

C. they are more common in men than in women

D. none of the above

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4

A. . What is the relapse rate for completely resected RCC after radical nephrectomy?

B. 1- 10%

C. 10 - 20%

D. 20 - 30%

A. type II DM, especially in males

B. hypertension

C. obesity, especially in females

D. cigarette smoking

A. mutations in the MCKD1 (chromosome 1q21) gene

B. mutations in the MCKD2 (chromosome 16q12) gene

C. inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion

D. all of the above

A. right hydrocele

B. left varicocele

C. painless hematuria

D. hypertension

A. renal oncocytoma

B. multiloculated cystic nephromas

C. metanephric adenoma

D. adenoma with clear cell

A. . Manifestations of paraneoplastic syndrome associated with RCC include all of the following, EXCEPT:

B. anemia and erythrocytosis

C. hepatic dysfunction and elevated human chorionic gonadotropin levels

D. hypocalcemia

A. most classic AMLs eventually undergo malignant transformation to sarcomatoid and epithelioid AML

B. the preferred treatment is nephroureterectomy followed by active surveillance

C. angiographic embolization and/or nephron-sparing surgery is advised for symptomatic AMLs greater than 4 cm

D. extra-renal sites include the pancreas, salivary glands, and thyroids

A. radiographically, it is indistinguishable from RCC

B. has a female predominance

C. has a benign clinical course

D. has a peak incidence in the third decade of life

A. ARPKD accounts for 5% of ESRD in children

B. more than one-half of patients with ARPKD require kidney transplant before age 20 years

C. ADPKD is a common cause of ESRD

D. uncommonly, juvenile nephronophthisis causes ESRD in children

A. . What is false concerning imaging studies for preoperative evaluation of RCC case?

B. in case of bone pain or elevated serum calcium and/or alkaline phosphatase levels, an isotopic bone scan is required

C. renal arteriography accurately localizes central scaring and tumor necrosis

D. trans-esophageal echocardiography helps assess vena caval and right atrial tumor thrombi

A. . The second most common RCC subtype is:

B. collecting duct b. clear cell

C. papillary

D. chromophobe

A. I

B. II

C. III

D. IV

A. abdominal CT

B. chest X-ray

C. renal function test

D. liver function test

A. the quality of the kidney and renal function prior to surgery

B. the quantity of vascularized parenchymal mass preserved after excision

C. the tumor

D. warm ischemia time

A. is > 90% in Bosniak type IV renal cysts

B. in patients receiving renal transplants for polycystic kidney disease is 48% higher than that expected in the general population

C. all of the above

D. simple renal cysts might turn malignant in < 4% of cases

A. 70 - 85%

B. 55 - 70%

C. 40 - 55%

D. 25 - 40%